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Political Incursions. “Outsiders” in India Early 8 th Century Ummayads Limited Impact. Political Incursions. “Outsiders” in India Early 8 th Century Ummayads Limited Impact Turkic reconquest ~1000 More substantial Sultanate of Delhi. Conversion.
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Political Incursions • “Outsiders” in India • Early 8th Century Ummayads • Limited Impact
Political Incursions • “Outsiders” in India • Early 8th Century Ummayads • Limited Impact • Turkic reconquest • ~1000 • More substantial • Sultanate of Delhi
Conversion • Differences between Hinduism and Islam? • Islamic Population
Conversion • Differences between Hinduism and Islam? • Islamic Population
Conversion • Differences between Hinduism and Islam? • Islamic Population • Means of Conversion • Traders • Sufis • Attractive to Indians? • What they did
Conversion • Differences between Hinduism and Islam? • Islamic Population • Means of Conversion • Traders • Sufis • Who converted?
Conversion • Differences between Hinduism and Islam? • Islamic Population • Means of Conversion • Traders • Sufis • Who converted? • Low-Caste • Buddhists • Others…
Limits to Conversion • Limits • Why not?
Limits to Conversion • Limits • Why not? • Incorporated into Hinduism?
Cultural Fusion • Indian Influence on Islam • Islamic Response in Middle Ground • Political • Caste System • Mysticism • “neither in temple nor in mosque…Look within your heart, for there you will find both [Allah] and Ram [Hindu deity].” 15thcentury mystic poet Kabir
Cultural Fusion • Indian Influence on Islam • Islamic Response in Middle Ground • Political • Caste System • Mysticism
Cultural Fusion • Indian Influence on Islam • Islamic Response in Middle Ground • Political • Caste System • Mysticism • “neither in temple nor in mosque…Look within your heart, for there you will find both [Allah] and Ram [Hindu deity].” 15thcentury mystic poet Kabir • Gender
Cultural Fusion • Indian Influence on Islam • Islamic Response in Middle Ground • Hindu Response in the Middle Ground • Separation • Bhakti Devotional Cults • Sikhs • Conclusion
Spread to SE Asia • More successful • Two Modes • Traders • Trading Empire—Malacca • Buddhists • Sufi Missionaries • Incorporation • Success
Spread to SE Asia • More successful • Two Modes: Traders and Sufis • Retention of Pre-Islamic culture
Conclusion • Sim’s to India • Differences