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Comprehensive Guide on Newborn Care: Assessment, Characteristics, and Daily Care

Learn about the initial care, assessment, characteristics, and daily care of newborns, including newborn reflexes, common skin observations, and protection measures to prevent infant abduction. Get insights on vital signs, weight, elimination, umbilical cord care, and more.

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Comprehensive Guide on Newborn Care: Assessment, Characteristics, and Daily Care

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  1. OB Unit 4 Care of the Newborn Rev. 2015

  2. Neonate • Term used for a child in the first 4 weeks of life

  3. Initial Care & Assessment of the Newborn Immediately After Birth

  4. Assess: Respirations Heart Rate Temp APGAR Warmth

  5. Identification • Done in delivery room • 2 ID bands (ankle & wrist) on newborn • 1 ID band on mother • Footprinting & fingerprinting

  6. Protection of Disease • Eye prophylaxis w/ Erythromycin • Vitamin K injection

  7. Spine & Extremities • Straight without curves • Dimples, tufts of hair and masses • Syndactyly/Polydactyly • Single crease • Equal leg length

  8. Simian Crease

  9. Bonding • Promotion of attachment between neonate & family • Should begin immediately

  10. Characteristics of the Normal Newborn

  11. A. Weight & Length • Weight ranges from 5.5-10 lbs. • Loses 5-10% during the 1st few days after birth • Length ranges from 18-22 inches

  12. B. Head & Body • Lg. Head (13-14”) • Short neck • Chest smaller than head (12-13”) • Large protruding abdomen

  13. Head irregularly shaped “molded” • Caput succedaneum • Cephalhematoma • Both resolve on their own • Reassure parents

  14. C. Fontanels • Soft spots • Anteriorabove forehead, diamond shaped,closes bet. 18 mos. • Posterior@ crown of head, Triangular, closes at 2nd mo.

  15. D. Eyes • Blue or gray @ birth • Appear cross-eyed, unable to focus • Eyelids red/edematous • No tears

  16. E. Ears • Positioned with outer canthus of the eye • High pitched sounds • Mothers voice

  17. F. Skin • Rashes are common • By 3rd day, more natural tone • Acrocyanosis • Harlequin sign

  18. G. Jaundice • Pathological  occurs w/i 24 hrs  Abnormal • Physiologic  May occur in 2-3 days  Normal • Immature liver • Elevated bilirubin

  19. Treatment • Freq. Feeding q 2-3 hrs • Sunlight • Phototherapy • Monitor temp • Allow for bonding

  20. Influences of Maternal Hormones on Neonate • gynecomastia • Edematous labia in females • Pseudomenstruation • Large scrotum

  21. Common Skin Observations IN THE NEWBORN…..

  22. Milia • Erythema toxicum • Stork bites • Mongolian spots • Port wine stain

  23. Stork bites

  24. Milia

  25. Epsteins pearls • Various birthmarks • Petechiae • Lanugo • Vernix caseosa

  26. Harlequin sign

  27. Mongolian spots

  28. Lanugo

  29. Normal Activities and Reflexes Of the Neonate….

  30. Rest & Sleep • Sleeps ~ 17 hrs/day • Awakens easily • Cries when hungry or uncomfortable • Arms & legs move freely & symmetrically

  31. Reflexes • Rooting Reflex • Sucking Reflex • Dance or Step • Grasp • Moro or Startle

  32. Tonic neck reflex • Babinski reflex • Newborn movements are jerky due to immature nervous system

  33. Senses • Sight • Hearing • Touch • Smell & Taste

  34. Protection of the Newborn

  35. Preventing Infant Abduction • Essential role of nurse • Proper ID w/ badge • Visitors required to check in • Sensors, alarms, exits lock automatically

  36. Daily Newborn Care Nursing Assessment

  37. Every day, assess : Vital Signs Weight Eyes, Nose & Ears Elimination (Urine & Stools) Umbilical Cord

  38. Urination • Usually 4-8 hrs fol. delivery • Be sure baby voids & document • Should have 6-8 wet diapers/day

  39. STOOLS Meconium1st stool Transitional stool Milk stool

  40. Meconium stools

  41. MILK STOOLS

  42. Hypothermia • Caps • Clothing • Blankets • Warmer/isolette • Incubator

  43. Cleansing the Newborn • 1st bath after Temp = 98.6 • Assess skin color; assess for blemishes, rash,abnormal jerking, twitching, bleeding, or congenital abnormalities during bathing

  44. Use mild soap sparingly • Special attention to skin folds • Observe for bleeding at circumcision site first 12 hrs.

  45. Circumcision • Part or all of foreskin is removed • Ritual for all Jewish babies • Must be kept clean • Assess for bleeding, swelling, & voiding

  46. Normal Anatomy

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