A ntikaonic M atter A t D A Φ NE: E xperiments with U nraveling S pectroscopy

1. AMADEUS The AMADEUS Project P.Kienle, TU Munich and SMI Vienna AntikaonicMatterAtDAΦNE: Experiments withUnravelingSpectroscopy

2. Letter of Intent Study of deeply bound kaonic nuclear states at DANE 2 AMADEUS Collaboration 111 scientists from 33 Institutes of 13 Countries signed the Letter of Intent March 2006

3. Phase Diagram of Hadronic Matter Study of the Phase Diagram at High Densities and T=0 Using Deeply Bound Kaonic Nuclear Clusters

4. Λ(1405) the Doorway to Antikaonic Nuclei Strong Antikaon-Proton attraction below the Λ(1405) resonance. Repulsion above it as shown experimentally by Re a(K-p).

5. Decrease of K- Mass in a Nuclear Medium Strong Binding by Attractive K-N Force

6. Antikaon Production in Ni-Ni Collisions P. Kienle, A. Gillitzer Proc. Int. Conf. Nucl.Phys. (1996) Wilderness,SA Ed,:Stöcker, Gallmann, ,Hamilton, World Scientific G,Q. Li, C.M. Ko, X.S. Fang, Phys. Lett. B329, (!994) 149 Indication of a decrease of the K- mass of ~200 MeV in a nuclear medium with n/n0 ~ 2

7. Prediction of Lightest Kaonic Nuclear Systems Strong K- binding in a nuclear medium discussed by Wycech (1986) and p-wave contribution (EXA05)

8. Summary of the Search for Deeply Bound Kaonic States All experimental data are so far Missing Mass or Invariant Mass Spectra. No exclusive MM and IM data needed for proof

9. Λ-p Invariant Mass Spectra from Heavy Ion Collisions. FOPI Data

10. AMADEUS STRATEGY • Confirm or reject the existence of kaonic nuclear clusters by an exclusive measurement using 4-detection of all reaction and decay products for construction of missing mass and invariant mass spectra. • Use (K-stopped,N) reaction with mono-energetic K- from Φ decay produced by DAΦNE. • Use the high performance KLOE detector implemented with a cryogenic gas target and a stopped K- trigger system

11. Realization of the AMADEUS Project • Determination of the neutron detection efficiency of the KLOE electromagnetic calorimeter • Implementation of a cryogenic gas target and a K- stop position detection system • Analysis of the data from K- stopped in the 4He gas of the KLOE drift chamber

12. Reaction Channels (simplified)

13. 6 m AMADEUS Implemented in KLOE KLOE – EMC KLOE – Drift Chamber Possible setup for AMADEUS within KLOE: Cryogenic target Inner tracker Kaon trigger

14. Signature for ppnK- Decay 4He + K- ppnK- + n decay: ° + p + n p + - n - n - p p

15. Event Display for ppnK- Decay ppnK-  S0 + n + p  g + L  p- + p KLOE-EMC  - KLOE-DC p p  - K-stopped  n TPC-GEM Kaon trigger Interaction region Segmented degrader Cryogenic target cell

16. Determination of the KLOE Calorimeter Efficiency for Neutrons

17. Monte Carlo KLOE Calorimeter

18. AMADEUS with TPC and GEM Read-out AMADEUS Setup second version

19. peak luminosity production rate for charged kaon pairs R = Ls b = 1500 s-1 produced K± per month: 31× 108 (80% duty cycle assumed) 1033 cm-2s-1 40% are stopped in the cryogenic He gas target (15% liq. He density, ~ 5 cm thick)  12.5× 108 K-4He atoms per month for 10-3 cluster formation yield: 12.5× 105 kaonic clusters formed in one month *Efficiency of tracking & identification K± & detection of decay products  ~105 events per month (~ 1000 pb-1) MonteCarlo Simulations for AMADEUS with Optimized Degrader and Cryo-target 3 ×10-30 cm2F production cross section 0.49 branching ratio for K±

20. Start Program of AMADEUS • Reactions used: 3He(K-stopped,n)ppK- 4He(K-stopped,n/p)ppnK-/pnnK- • Complete determination of all reaction and decaychannels by detectionofall charged particles, neutrons, and γ-rays •Deduce from such exclusive data: Binding energies, total and partial widths, angular momenta, isospins, sizes, densities, etc

21. Pre-experiment: Proposal to KLOE

22. Detection of Reactions in 4He of Drift Chamber

23. AMADEUS MonteCarlo:K-clusters in existing KLOE data Total number of produced charged kaon pairs for L = 2 fb-1 3 ×10-30 cm2F production cross section 0.49 branching ratio for K± 2 fb-1 = 2 × 1039 cm-2 integrated luminosity N = Ls b = 2.9 ×109 • ~ 0.3% stopped in the gas of the chamber • 3 × 10-3×2.9 × 109 = 8.8 × 106 K-4He atoms For a cluster yield of 10-3 we have ~ 8800 clusters With efficiency of tracking & identification of K+/- &detection of decay products 1000-2000 reconstructed clusters Kaon production rate: ~ 150K- s-1 (for L ~1032 cm-2 s-1)

24. Conclusion and Summary The AMADEUS project plans to use a dedicated4-detector capable of detecting allcharged and neutral particles emitted in the formation and decay of kaonic nuclear clusters for a definitive clarification of their debated existence. For the realisation of the AMADEUS set up a cryogenic target, a kaon trigger and an inner tracker must be implemented in the KLOE detector