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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (reciprocating). Geometry. Four Stroke Engines. Two Stroke Engines. For Isentropic Process. Air as an ideal gas ( room temp .). PV = mRT. C p = 1.005 [kJ/kg K]. C v = 0.718 [kJ/kg K]. R = C p - C v = 0.287 [kJ/kg K]. k = (C p / C v ) = 1.4.
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ForIsentropicProcess Air as an ideal gas (roomtemp.) PV = mRT Cp = 1.005 [kJ/kg K] Cv = 0.718 [kJ/kg K] R = Cp - Cv = 0.287 [kJ/kg K] k = (Cp / Cv) = 1.4
OTTO CYCLE (Gasoline) qin = (u3 – u2) = Cv (T3 – T2) [kJ/kg]qout = (u4 – u1) = Cv (T4 – T1) [kJ/kg] r = (Vmax / Vmin) = (V1 / V2) MEP = Wnet / (Vmax – Vmin) [kPa] 1-2 Isentropiccompression 2-3 Constantvolumeheataddition 3-4 Isentropicexpansion 4-1 Constantvolumeheatrejection
DIESEL CYCLE (Diesel) qin = (h3 – h2) = Cp (T3 – T2) [kJ/kg]qout = (u4 – u1) = Cv (T4 – T1) [kJ/kg] r = (Vmax / Vmin) = (V1 / V2) rc = (V3 / V2) MEP = Wnet / (Vmax – Vmin) [kPa] 1-2 Isentropiccompression 2-3 Constantpressureheataddition 3-4 Isentropicexpansion 4-1 Constantvolumeheatrejection
DUAL CYCLE qin = (ux – u2) + (h3 – hx) = Cv (Tx – T2) + Cp (T3 – Tx) [kJ/kg]qout = (u4 – u1) = Cv (T4 – T1) [kJ/kg] r = (Vmax / Vmin) = (V1 / V2) rc = (V3 / V2) MEP = Wnet / (Vmax – Vmin) [kPa] 1-2 Isentropiccompression 2-X Constantvolumeheataddition X-3 Constantpressureheataddition 3-4 Isentropicexpansion 4-1 Constantvolumeheatrejection