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THE GREAT WAR & AMERICA

Delve into America's entry into WWI, analyzing its impact on society through race, gender, & civil liberties. Explore the war's effects on economy, government regulations & women's roles. Study the historic Treaty of Versailles and its aftermath, Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the rejection of the treaty. Examine postwar racial tensions, labor unrest, and the Red Scare. Discover how the war reshaped American society and economy in the turbulent postwar years.

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THE GREAT WAR & AMERICA

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  1. THE GREAT WAR & AMERICA THE WORLD WAR I ERA A22w 9.2.13

  2. A. THE ROAD TO WAR WAR IN EUROPE AND PROBLEMS OF NEUTRALITY

  3. GUIDING QUESTION Why did the United States enter the First World War? Assess the relative influence ofthe following: • German naval policy, • American economic interests, • Woodrow Wilson’s idealism, • allied propaganda, • America’s claim to world power

  4. European Alliances & Battlefronts, 1914-1917

  5. THE ROAD TO WAR • neutrality • submarine warfare • Lusitania(May 1915) • SussexPledge (March 1916) Lusitania warning (Cobb Heritage Centre, England; photo by Larry O. Nighswander/NGS) The Lusitania in New York City (Library of Congress)

  6. THE ROAD TO WAR • Unrestricted submarine warfare • Zimmerman telegram • Russian Revolution (1917) • “The world must be made safe for democracy”(April 2, 1917) Wilson announcing the breaking off diplomatic relations with Germany, Feb. 3, 1917 U.S. Losses to the German Submarine Campaign, 1916-1918 German Foreign Minister Alfred Zimmermann

  7. B. THE US AT WAR THE FIRST WORLD WAR AT HOME AND ABROAD

  8. GUIDING QUESTION To what extent did the First World War bring about lasting change in American society? Consider: • the experiences of blacks, • women, • civil liberties.

  9. FIGHTING THE WAR • Selective Service Act (1917) • convoy system • American Expeditionary Force (AEF) • John J. Pershing Troops leaving for camp, 1917

  10. U.S Role on the WesternFront, 1918

  11. Economy: FINANCING THE WAR • “Liberty Bonds”

  12. Economy: Production • “war boards” • War Industries Board • Barnard Baruch • Railroad Administration • Food Administration – Herbert Hoover • National War Labor Board - W.H. Taft & Frank P. Walsh (Ohio Historical Society)

  13. Economy & Society: Women • Men’s occupations • 19th Amendment • Lasting Consequences? Midval Steel and Ordnance Co., Nicetown, PA Puget Sound Navy Yard, 1919

  14. Economy & Society: African-Americans • “Great Migration” – impact? African American family just arrived in Chicago, 1912 (Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library) African American Migration Northward, 1910-1920

  15. Results of New Organization of Economy • Unemployment virtually disappeared • Expansion of “big government” • Excessive government regulations in economy • Some gross mismanagement – overlapping jurisdictions • Close cooperation between public and private sectors • Unprecedented opportunities for women & minorities

  16. peace movement Committee on Public Information George Creel PUBLIC OPINION & CIVIL LIBERTIES Committee for Public Information Poster, 1917

  17. PUBLIC OPINION & CIVIL LIBERTIES • Espionage Act of 1917 • Sedition Act 1918 • Eugene V. Debs • Big Bill Haywood/IWW • Schenk v. U.S.(1919) • “clear and present danger” • American Protective League • “one hundred percent Americanism” • German-American community • “Liberty cabbage” IWW Members under arrest

  18. C. TREATY OF VERSAILLES WILSON'S FOURTEEN POINTS AND THE RATIFICATION FIGHT

  19. GUIDING QUESTIONS • Why did the United States reject the Treaty of Versailles ending the First World War, after President Wilson helped to negotiate the Treaty? • To what extent then did the U.S. achieve the objectives that led it to enter World War I?

  20.  Wilsonianism Fourteen Points TREATY OF VERSAILLES1. Wilson’s Vision WILSON’S FOURTEEN POINTS

  21. TREATY OF VERSAILLES2. Paris 1919: Six Months that Changed the World • Bolshevik • The Big Four • David Lloyd George • Georges Clemenceau • Vittorio Orlando • Reparations • League of Nations • “Trusteeship” • internationalism • Treaty of Versailles Orlando, Lord George, Clemenceau, and Wilson in Wilson’s study in Paris

  22. TREATY OF VERSAILLES3. Rejection • “irreconciliables” • “reservationists” • Henry Cabot Lodge Wilson after his stroke, October 1919 (Library of Congress) Henry Cabot Lodge, 1909

  23. D. SOCIETY & ECONOMY IN THE POSTWAR YEARS

  24. SOCIETY & ECONOMY IN THE POSTWAR YEARSRacial Issues • Red summer of 1919 • East St. Louis Riots • Marcus Garvey

  25. SOCIETY & ECONOMY IN THE POSTWAR YEARSPost-war Labor Unrest • Coal Miners Strike of 1919 • Steel Strike of 1919 • Boston Police Strike of 1919 Labor Union Membership1900-1920 “If capital and labor don’t pull together” Chicago Tribune, 1919

  26. SOCIETY & ECONOMY IN THE POSTWAR YEARSRed Scare • Communist International • 3rd International Goal (1919): promote worldwide communism • Red Scare • Palmer Raids (1920) Police arrest “suspected Reds” in Chicago, 1920 A. Mitchell Palmer’s Home bombed, 1920

  27. SOCIETY & ECONOMY IN THE POSTWAR YEARS “Return to Normalcy” • Warren G. Harding • “Return to Normalcy” • New Revivalism • “fundamentalis” • Billy Sunday • “tabernacles”

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