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Paper-1 : EDUCATION IN EMERGING INDIA. UNIT-3 : VALUE BASED EDUCATION (A) : (1) Concept of Value & Value Education (2) Characteristics of Value Education (B) : Democratic Citizenship & Secularism (1) Concept, Need and Characteristics
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Paper-1 : EDUCATION IN EMERGING INDIA • UNIT-3 : VALUE BASED EDUCATION • (A) : (1) Concept of Value & Value Education (2) Characteristics of Value Education • (B) : Democratic Citizenship & Secularism (1) Concept, Need and Characteristics (2) Value Based School Activities • (C) : Scientific Attitude & International Understanding (1) Concept, Need and Characteristics (2) Value Based School Activities
a[n. a[c. pT[l ki[l[j ai[f a[jy&k[Sn, Bil[j ri[D,aiN>d. Dr. J. J. Rana M : 9924300278 E-mail : jjrana.1953@yahoo.co.in
Value & Value Education m*Ãy an[ m*Ãy (SxN
What is Value & Vale Education ? m*Ãy an[m*Ãy (SxN a[Tl[ S&> ? m*Ãy=(k>mt=dim=Biv=g&N= pr>pri=aidS<=$Q)=miºytiai[
m*Ãy a[Tl[ S&> ? • m*Ãyi[ Äy(kttYi s>AkZ(tn&> GDtrkr[ C[. • m*Ãyi[ ai¹yi(Rmk an[ n](tktinipiqi[ • Jvnmi> S)Kv[ C[. • m*Ãyi[ #iN p\kirni C[ : • aiRm(n×-vAt&(n×-sip[xtivid).
m*Ãy a[Tl[ S&> ? • sRy>, (Svm` s&>drm` Birt)y s>AkZ(tniÄyipkmiºyti p\i¼t m*Ãyi[ C[. • ki[epNvAt&mi> rh[l) g&Nti k[ j[n[ aiFir[ t[n) (k>mt a>kiy an[ b)jin&> m*Ãyi>knkrvimi> upyi[g) bn[. • m*ÃyaTl[ a[v&> ki>ek C[ k[ j[n[ aipN[ S&B-sir&> gN)a[ C)a[. j[mk[ : dyi-p\[m-p\imi(Nkti-shinn&B*(t vg[r[. -j[ls h[n\)
Ug[ kmL p>kmi>, td(p d[v (Sr[ cD[, n(h k&LY), (k>t& m*Ãy m*lviy[ g&Ni[ vD[. • To Value means primarily to prize, to esteem to appriciate, to • estimate, It means the act of cherising something, holding it do • and also the act of passing judgement upon the nature and • amount of its value as compared to something else. • -John Dewey. • A Value is the person`s idea of what is desirable, what he and • others want, not necessarily what he wants. • -Lindzay. • A Value is well-defined as an endeaver which satisfies need • system,psychological as well as physiolgical.
Ug[ kmL p>kmi>, td(p d[v (Sr[ cD[, n(h k&LY), (k>t& m*Ãy m*lviy[ g&Ni[ vD[. • s¿ytin>&& (nmi<N y>#ii[Y) n(h, pN m*Ãyi[Y) Yiy C[. - Di[. riFikZONn` • j[ ai¹yiRm sixiRkirni (vkistrfdi[r[ t[ Avt: m*Ãy C[. -tRvXin. • m*Ãy a[ (vcir-aiAYi-â¹Fi-s>kÃpni-miºyti-aidS<- vt<n-trih-Jvn¹y[y C[.
m*Ãyi[ j$(ryit pr (nB<r C[. smy jti> t[ si>AkZ(tk aiFirmi> p(rNm[ C[.
m*Ãyi[ j$(ryit pr (nB<r C[. smy jti> t[ si>AkZ(tk aiFirmi> p(rNm[ C[. • N.C.E.R.T. Document on Social Moraland Spiritual • Vales. mi > 83 p\kirni m*Ãyi[ aip[li C[. • minvti-a[kti-Si>(t-dyiBiv-(m#iti-a(h>si-mhinti-(ny(mtti-shkir- • simi(jk s[vi- p\[m-k@Ni-s>p-d[SB(kt-riOT^)y a[kti-frjpiln- • p\imi(Nkti-(SAt-ºyiy-aºy s>AkZ(t p\Ry[ aidr-smBiv-ci(r#y-riOT^)y • s>p(t vg[r[. • m*Ãyi[ni p\kir : Äy(ktgt m*Ãy-simi(jk-si>AkZ(tk-ai(Y<k-riOT^)y-n](tk- • ai¹yi(Rmk m*Ãy.
m*Ãy (SxN a[Tl[ S&> ? m*Ãy=(k>mt=dim=Biv=g&N • m*Ãy (SxN a[Tl[ S&> ? • j[mk[ k[LvN) a[k miLi C[, jyir[ m*Ãy t[ miLinimNki C[. jyir[ (vwiY)< miLimi> pri[viy[li[ di[ri[ C[, j[mi> (Sxk a[k siFk C[. jyir[ k[LvN) a[k siFni, tpáyi< k[ B(ktAv@p C[. SiLi a[k m>(drAYin C[, jyi> (vwiY)< vg<K>Dmi> m*Ãyi[n) siFnikr[ C[. • ki[e pN (SxNni ¹y[yn&> vN<n krv&> a[Tl[ S]x(Nk m*Ãyi[n&> vN<n krv&>.-jhi[n b\likr • Äy(ktniSr)r, mn, an[ aiRmimi> rh[li> Åi\[× tRvi[n&> p\kT)krN a[Tl[ k[LvN). –gi>F)J. • p>kY) pi>gr[ pÞi[n[, ¼hiNiai[ p\B& Yti>, miT)niminv)mi>Y) ti[, h&> ki> n bn&> mhin !
m*Ãy (SxNn) j$(ryit Si miT[ C[ ? • a[k b)ji p\Ry[ minv)y shin&B*(tnisj<n miT[ m*Ãy (SxNj$r) C[. • n](tk ai¹yi(RmkJvnn) an&B*(t miT[ m*Ãy (SxNj$r) C[. • pi[tini d[S p\Ry[n) shin&B*(tn[ Tkiv) riKvi m*Ãy (SxNj$r) C[. • Jvn an[ pyi<vrNn) jiNkir) vFirvi, t[mj s>t&lnvFirvimiT[... • (vVni an[k d[Si[nili[ki[ p\Ry[ ai>trriÖ^)y smjvFirvimiT[... • Fm< (nrp[xtinig&Ni[ni[ (vAtirvFir)n[ bFi> Fmi[<ni[ t&lniRmka¿yismiT[.. • aiJ(vkisiY[ u_ii[_imminvJvnniSiVtXinn[ Tkiv) riKvimiT[..
m*Ãy (SxNni h[t&ai[ kyi kyi C[ ? • m*Ãy (SxNY).. .. .. • (vwiY)< siri-nrsini[ B[d jiN[, sici[ rAti[ pkD[ an[ b)jin[ p\[rNiaip[. • Jvnn&> GDtrYiy C[. (vkT p(r(AY(tmi> smti k[Lv) Jvnn[ yi[³y rih[ aigLFpiv[. • (vwiY)< aidSi[<, Äyvhiri[,g(t,p\g(t an[ (vkispY pr aigLvF) Sk[. • smijlx) m*Ãyi[Y) simi(jktini[ (vkiskr[, u_im nig(rkbn[, siriminvs>bFi[n) AYipnikr) Jvnn&> lÈy (s¹F kr[. • (vwiY)< (v(vF m*Ãyi[niti(Rvk B[d smj[ tYi m*Ãyi[n&> mhRvsmJn[ Jvnmi> aigLvF[. m*Ãylx) smijnisj<n miT[ pi[tin&> yi[gdinaipvismY< bn[. • li[kSih) smijÄyvAYin&> tYiriÖ^n) s>AkZ(tn&> s>vF<n t[mjhAti>trYv&> j$r).
m*Ãy (SxN an[ SiLik)y p\\\vZ(_iai[ • m*Ãyi[ S)Kvvin) k[ lidvin) bibtnY), pNaicrNn) bibt C[. • (SxN p\(k\yiniGTki[-(vwiY)<-(Sxki[-aiciy<-vil)-smijoiri m*Ãyi[ p\AYi(pt Yiy C[. m*Ãyi[ siFniY) (s¹F Yiy C[. • p&Atki[mi> smi(vÖriÖ^)y-b>FirN)y - Jvn m*Ãyi[n) u_imkZ(tai[n&> (nr&pN. -tjXi[ni Äyi²yini[-JvnGDtr pr aiFir)t niTki[-viti<. • Avi¹yiyi[-bi[FkYiai[-p\s>g kYiai[-Fmi[<ni[ t&lniRmka¿yis-(fÃmi[ • cci< sBiai[-p\iY<nisBimi> cci<-sh-a¿yi(sk p\vZ(_iai[ oiri m*Ãy (SxNaip) Skiy. SiLi-T[(l(vzn-k[s[T-WÆyi[ oiripNaip) Skiy. • s>dB< p&Atki[-sim(yki[-vt<min p#ii[n) ki[lm-Fm<-n)(t (vPykp&Atki[nistt s>pk<Y) m*Ãyi[ Jvnmi> diKlkr) Skiy.
FZ(t, xmi, dyi, aAt[y, Si]c, e(W>y (ng\h,sRy an[ ak\i[F ai n](tk m*Ãyi[ aiFir)t (SxN a[ Birt)y (SxNn) Fri[hr C[. • Kr) k[LvN) ti[ a[ C[ k[ j[ miNsni a>trnig&Ni[ni[ (vkiskr[, tm[ a[ sd`g&Ni[ni[ (vkiskrSi[ ti[ u_im k[LvN) Ye pDS[. -gi>F)J.
kyikyi p\âi[ p*C) Skiy ? • m*Ãy a[Tl[ S&> ? m*Ãy (SxNn) lix(Nktiai[n) cci< kri[. • m*Ãy (SxN a[Tl[ S&> ? t[n) j$(ryit Si miT[ C[. ? • m*Ãy (SxNni[ aY< aip), t[n&> mh_v APOT kri[. • m*Ãy (SxNn) s>kÃpni APOT kr), t[n) lix(Nktiai[ smjivi[. • m*Ãy (SxN a[Tl[ S&> ? m*Ãy (SxNaiFi(rt Si[l[y p\vZ(_iai[ jNivi[. • m*Ãy (SxNn) Äyi²yi aip), aiv&> m*ÃydiKlkrvikyi p\kirn) Sil[y p\vZ(_iai[ krv) ji[ea[ ?
li[kSih) nig(rk_vDemocratic Citizenship • li[kSih) a[Tl[.. .. • li[ki[n&>, li[ki[ oiri cilt&>, li[ki[ miT[n&> ri¶y aTl[ li[kSih). - -ab\ihm (l>kn. • Democracy is the government of the People, by the People, for the People. • g\)k S¾d Demos-li[ki[an[ Crucy-ri¶y=li[ki[n&> ri¶y • li[kSih) srkirn&> a[k a[v&> Av$p C[ j[mi> p\Sisk)y vg< s>p*N< riÖ^ni[ GNi[ mi[Ti[ Big hi[y C[. -Diys). • Democracy is a form of government, in which governing body is comparatively larg fraction of entire nation -Dicey.
li[kSih) nig(rk_v nig(rk_v.. .. • rijyni[ a[vi[ s¿y k[ t[mn[ (vS[P a(Fkir p\i¼t Yy[li> hi[y t[ Äy(kt. di.t. mti(Fkir. • nig(rkti miT[ni k[Tli>k (vS[P hÊi[ C[, a(Fkiri[ C[ an[ a[j r)t[ k[Tl)k frji[ pN C[. • nig(rk_v b[ r)t [ p\i¼t : 1. jºmni aiFir[ 2. kiym) vsviTni aiFir[. li[kSih).. .. . • li[kSih) a[k Jv>t tr[h C[, a[ mi#i rijk)y p¹F(t nY) pN Jvn Jvvin) p¹F(t C[. • li[kSih) a[Tl[ sv<Av)kZtti. bh&m(t aiFi(rt (nN<y pr ri¶y krvin) s_ii.
li[kSih) nig(rk_v li[kSih)mi> ~¹Fi Frivti hi[y t[vi rijymi>> p\i¼t Yt&> s¿y pd k[ j[mi> s_iin) svi[<pr)ti li[ki[ni hiYmi> hi[y, t[mj rijyn&> Sisn pN li[ki[ vD[ cilt&> hi[y, li[ki[ bh&mt)ni aiFir[ l[viti> (nN<yi[ Av)kirti hi[y t[v) Sisn ÄyvAYimi> p\i¼t Yt&> nig(k_v a[Tl[ li[kSih) nig(rk_v.
piyini m*Ãyi[ Äy(kt Avit>#y Äy(kt sºmin Äy(kt smin tk Äy(kt-Äy(ktni[ shkir Äy(ktn[ p(rvt<nmi> ~¹Fi Äy(ktn) uRpidkti li[kSih) : piyini (s¹Fi>ti[ an[ m*Ãyi[ piyini (s¹Fi>ti[ • sminti • Avt>#iti • b>F&Rv-BiRiZBiv • kiydin>& Sisn • p\jimi> jvibdir) • F)rjn) Bivni
li[kSih) nig(rkRvn) lix(Nktiai[ • li[ki[ni hiYmi> a>(tm s_ii hi[y C[. • li[ki[ pi[tini a(Bp\iyi[ mtdin oiri Äykt kr[ C[. • bh&&&mt)ni aiFir[ Sisn miT[n) s_ii p\i¼t Yiy C[. • li[ki[n[ li[kSih)mi> p\(t(n(FRv krvin) tk p\i¼t Yiy C[. • viN) Avit>#y siY[ T)ki krvini[ k[ aili[cni krvini[ a(Fkir mL[ C[. • b)jini> mtni[ k[ (vri[F pxn) aili[cni k[ s>m(t m[Lvv) pDt) hi[y C[. • (mÃkt FirN krvini[ an[ virsimi> aipvini[ a(Fkir mL[ C[. • li[kSih)mi> kiydi[ an[ ºyiyn&> piln krvin&> hi[y C[. • li[kSih)mi> ~¹Fi riKvi siY[ lG&mt)ai[ni h)ti[n&> rxN pN krvin&> hi[y C[. • Pi[tin) B*li[ni[ Av)kir krvi siY[ frji[ p\Ry[ pN jigZt rh[v&> pD[ C[. • sim[n) Äy(ktni[ aidr-sºmin krvin&> tYi t[ni Äy(ktRvn&> hnn n Yiy t[n) kiLJ riKv) pD[ C[. • li[kSih)y&kt vt<n stt diKvv&>> pD[ C[.
li[kSih) fkt srkirn&> j Av$p n hi[e, t[mi>Y) pN k>ek a(Fk C[. t[ m&²ytyi shyi[g) Jvn trf s>IÀm(lt $pY) aip[li an&BvY) (v(F C[. li[kSih)ni avri[Fki[ • li[ki[ li[kSih)mi> AvµC>dti FirN kr[ C[. • li[ki[ ai>di[ln, T)kiai[,hDtiL piD[ C[. • srkir) t>#ini[ b[fim d&r&pyi[g kr[ C[. • li[ki[ hÊi[ vF& mi>g[ C,[ jyir[ rijy p\Ry[n) frji[ adi krvimi> Q)l kr[ C[. • krci[r), (nN<yi[mi> (vl>b siY[ kiyi[< krvimi> GN&> mi[D&> Yiy C[. • c*>TN) p\(k\yi K*b li>b)-Kci<L-kyir[k li[h)yiL n)vD[ C[. li[kSih) (SxNni h[t&ai[ • Äy(ktn&> ci(r#y GDtr • Äyvsi(yk (vkis • f&rsdni smyni[ sd`pyi[g • Äy(ktn) simi(jktini[ (vkis • n[tZRv S(ktni[ (vkis • Äy(ktni[ svi<>(gk (vkis • m&kt a(BÄy(kt • riOT^ Bivnini[ (vkis • aiJ(vki p\i(¼t • li[kSih)y&kt JvnGDtr
li[kSih) SisNp\Nil)mi> SiLin) p\vZ(_iai[ 1 li[kSih)n) s&T[vi[n&> GDtr Yiy t[v) p\vZ(_iai[ j[ oiri siri nig(ktini g&Ni[ (vks[ t[v) p\vZ(_iai[n&> aiyi[jn krv&> ji[ea[. 2 SiLi li[kSih)ni m*Ãyi[n&> s>vF<n krt) hi[y. • tmimni Äy(ktRvn[ K)lvvini[ avkiS sj<vi[ a[ SiLin) jvibdir) C[. li[kSih)y&kt (vciri[n&> vg<-(SxNmi> aidin-p\din Yv&> j$r) C[. • (vwiY)< p\(t(n(F m>DLn) rcni li[kSih) Qb[ krv). AvAY n[tig)r)ni g&Ni[ni[ (vkis Yiy t[ miT[ SiLi s>cilnmi> (vwiY)<n) sim[lg)r) krv). • SiLin) kiy< p\Nil) tYi (SxN p\Nil)mi> li[kSih) m*Ãyi[ni[ aim[j kr) li[kSih) (s¹Fi>ti[ apnivvi ji[ea[[. (vwiY)<n[ li[kSih) Jvn tr[h tYi (vSiL Bivninin piq SiLi S)Kvt) hi[y. • jiºy&air)-dS[ri-ed-s>vRsr)-rxib>Fn-pyi<vrN (dn ujvNiai[SiLimi> d](nk sBi, Avy>-Sisn (dn-(Sxk (dn-rmt-gmt-gi>F)jy>t)-p>drm) ai[gOT-26m) • niTki[-a[kpi#i)y a(Bny-viti<lipi[-ApFi<ai[-(nb>F-vktZRv-cci< sBi-p\dS<n-(fÃm Si[-s[(mnir-s[vi(ky p\vZ(_iai[ Yv) ji[ea[. • biLki[mi> s>G Bivni-s>p Bivnini (vkis miT[ g\&pn) p\vZ(_iai[ Yv) ji[ea[. • SiLimi> rktdin-n[#idin-Y[l[s[m)yi>-m[(Dkl c[kap k[Àp-vZxi ri[pN-a[n a[s a[s- a[n s) s) j[v) p\vZ(_iai[ Yv) ji[ea[.
li[kSih) nig(rkRvni s>k\mN miT[ni kiy<k\mi[ (SxN p¹F(t • li[kSih) (SxN p¹F(t (k\yiRmk hi[v) GT[. • li[kt>#in[ an&$p (SxN p¹F(t hi[v) ji[ea[. • li[kSih)mi> Äy(ktn&> Äy(ktRv K)l[ t[v) p\vZ(_iai[n&> aiyi[jn Yv&> ji[ea[. • vktZRv, simi(jk a(BÄy(kt, smAyi uk[l, niTyiRmk p\vZ(_i, kiy<(nFi<rN p|\y&(kt j[v) (SxN p¹F(t hi[v) ji[ea[. • li[kSih) Bivniai[ni[ (vkis (k\yiRmk hi[v) GT[. a¿yisk\m 1 li[kSih) m*Ãyi[ni[ a¿yisk\mmi> smiv[S Yvi[ ji[ea[. • a¿yisk\m vF& lv(ck an[ riOT^n) mi>gni s>dB<mi> (v(vFlx) hi[vi[ ji[ea[. • d)G< W(OTviLi[, smijn) Big)dir)viLi[, li[kSih)n&> (c#i UB&> kr[ t[vi[ a¿yisk\m hS[ ti[ j li[kSih) m*Ãyi[n&> s>vF<n YS[. • Xinn) smg\tini (vSiL flk pr vh[>ciy[li[ a¿yisk\m hi[vi [ji[ea[.
li[kSih) nig(rkRvni s>k\mN miT[ aiFiri[ li[kSih) an[ (vwiY)< 1 li[kSih) smijmi> SiLi (vwiY)<n[ m&kt r)t[ (vkisn) tk p*r) piD[ C[. 2 SiLi kqi[r (SAt k[ sji apnivt) nY). 3 SiLi (vwiY)<ni Äy(ktRvni (vkismi> shBig) bn[ C[. • (vwiY)<n[ Avt>#i (vcir vD[ (vksvin) tki[ SiLi p*r) piD[ C[. • (vwiY)< p\(t(n(F sBin) rcni kr)n[ (vwiY)<n[ n[tig)r)n) til)m aip[ C[. • SiLi (vwiY)<ai[ siY[ smintini[ Äyvhir kr) utm nig(rki[ t]yir kr[ C[. • li[kSih) an[ (Sxk • li[kSih) smijrcnimi> (Sxkn) • B*(mki asrkirk hi[v) ji[ea[. • (Sxk (m#i, mig<dS<k an[ tRv(c>tk bn[ ti[ li[kSih) m*Ãyi[ jLviy. • t[nimi> li[kSih) m*Ãyi[ (vksivvin) xmti, yi[³y nig(rk bnivvin) xmti hi[v) ji[ea[. • u_im g&Ni[Y)y&kt (Sxkn&> Äy(ktRv t[mj s&>dr ci(r#yvin, k&(ln an[ BivniS)l (Sxk hi[vi[ ji[ea[.
riOT^)y a[kti NATIONAL INTEGRATION 1 riOT^)y a[kti a[k mni[v]Xi(nk an[ S]x(Nk p\(k\yi C[. j[ni oiri li[ki[ni ãdyn&> a]ky, s>gqn, s>GvZ(t,smin nig(kRv, an&B*(t tYi riOT^ p\Ry[n) vfidir)n) Bivnini[ (vkis sFiy C[. -riOT^)y a[kti s>m[ln. 1961. 2 riOT^)y a[ktin) Bivni riOT^ p\[m pr avl>b[ C[. riOT^)y a[kti a[ (vSiL piyin&> d[S miT[n&> minv)y s>gqn C[. ai a[k uµc riOT^)y Bivni C[. d[S miT[n) minv)n) BiviRmk ligN) C[. d[Smi> vsniri bFi j miri Bieai[, b>F&ai[ C[ t[v) b>F&Rvn) Bivni Jv>t kr[, t[mj riOT^ mir&> C[ t[v) Bivni WQ kr[ t[n[ riOT^)y a[kti. kh[viy. 3 riOT^)y a[ktin&> cNtr E>T k[ c&ni vD[ kr) Skiy n(h a[ ti[ miNsni (dl an[ (dmigmi> Si>(tp*v<k pi>grv) ji[ea[. ai miT[n) p\(k\yi k[LvN)n) j hi[e Sk[ , a[ kdic j F)m) p\(k\yi hS[, pN a[ a(vrt ac*k p\(k\yi C[. -Di[. riFikZONn`. 4 dr[k Äy(ktn) p\g(tmi> riOT^n) p\g(t C[. --gi>F)J.
riOT^)y a[ktini avriFki[ 1 (v(vF Fmi[<viLi[ d[S + ki[mvid 2 BiPini zGDi + p\i>tvid 3 ai(Y<k (vPmti + vg< (vg\h 4 s)mi(vvid + vg< B[d 5 Fi(m<k zn*n + jL(vvid Ø(OT(vh)n (SxN + hDtiL h&ÃlDi[ + aik\mNi 8 ait>kvid + #iisvid j$(ryit Si miT[ ? minv a(Fkirn) jiLvN) miT[ d[Sn) aK>(Dtti jiLv) riKvi d[Sn) p\g(t an[ Si>(tn) AYipni m&kt (vcirsrN)ni f[livi miT[ li[kSih)n) mjb*t) miT[ v[r-(vri[F-v]mnAy TiLvi miT[ sm*h Bivni (vksivvi a[kiRmtini[ Biv (vksivvi riOT^)y ci(r#y+s>p+sd`Bini (vksivvi riOT^)y a[ktin) j$(ryit Si miT[ C[ ?
riOT^)y a[kti miT[ni (SxNni ud[`Si[ d[S p\[m-mitZB*(m p\Ry[n) ligN) p[di krv). d[Sn) simi(jk an[ si>AkZ(tk s(¹Fai[n&> m*Ãyi>kn krv&> nbLieai[ni[ Av)kir krvi[ riOT^ni (ht miT[ Äy(ktgt (hti[ni[ Ryig krvi[ Äy(ktn) yi[³yti p\miN[ d[Sn) svi[<_im s[vi krv) minvtini[ t[mj riOT)^y ci(r#yni[ (vkis krvi[. riOT^)y a[kti miT[ni (SxNni h[t&ai[ 1 riOT^)y Bivniai[ni[ (vkis krvini[.. p\Ry[k Äy(ktmi> Biecirini[ (vkis krvini[. k&rbin)-b(ldin-s(ON&tini (vkis krvi[ s>p-sd`Bivni-m]#i)-b>F&Rvn) Bivnini[ (vkis krvi[ ai d[S miri[ C[, d[Sn) s>p(_i mir) C[ t[mj d[S miT[ smp<N Biv p[di krvi[ s>AkZ(t -e(thisn) smj, s>vF<n-jih[r (hti[n) jiLvN) krv). riOT^)y a[ktiniud[`Si[ + h[t&ai[
Sil[y kiy<k\mi[ Äyi²yini[-p\vcni[ gi[qvvi. m&likit-p\vis-py<Tni[ gi[qvvi cci<sBi-vktZRv-(vcir (v(nmy gi[qvvi riOT^)y pvi[<n) ujvN)-riOT^g)t-riOT^)ypx)-riOT^¹vj-aSi[k ck\n) smj aipv) niTk-a[ki[(kt-ris-grbi-siAkZ(tk kiy<k\mi[ gi[qvvi p>drm) ai[gOT-26m) jiºy&air) gi>F)jy>t)- srdirjy>t)-ai>b[Dkr jy>t)n) ujvN) krv) Avit>#y s[nin)ai[n&> sºmin-Sh)di[n[ ~¹Fi>j(lni kiy<k\mi[ gi[qvvi. p#i m]#i)-rmtgmt-a[n.a[s.a[s-a[n.s).s) (fÃmi[-T)v) kiy<k\mi[-k(v-l[Kki[ kZ(tai[n& pqn riOT^)y a[kti an[ a¿yisk\m 1 riOT^)y a[ktini m*Ãyni[ a¿yisk\mmi> smiv[S Yvi[ ji[ea[. a¿yisk\m vF& lv(ck an[ riOT^n) mi>gni s>dB<mi> (v(vFlx) hi[vi[ ji[ea[. d)G< W(OTviLi[, smijn) Big)dir)viLi[, riOT^)y a[ktin&> (c#i UB&> kr[ t[vi[ a¿yisk\m hS[ ti[ j riOT^)y a[ktin&> s>vF<n YS[. Xinn) smg\tini (vSiL flk pr vh[>ciy[li[ a¿yisk\m hi[vi[ ji[ea[ li[kSih) d[Smi> sminti, a[ktiY) sBr a¿yisk\m hS[ ti[ j li[kSih)n[ pi[Pk m*Ãyi[ni jtn siY[ riOT^)y a[kti jLviS[. riOT^)y a[ktimiT[niSil[y kiy<k\mi[ an[ aiyi[jn
riOT^)y a[kti an[ (SxN p¹F(t li[kSih) mi> riOT^)y a[kti jiLvvi (SxN p¹F(t (k\yiRmk hi[v) ji[ea[ li[kt>#in[ an&$p (SxN p¹F(t hi[v) ji[ea[. li[kSih)mi> Äy(ktn&> Äy(ktRv K)l[ an[ riOT^)y Bivnin[ pi[Pk a[v) p\vZ(_iai[n&> aiyi[jn Yv&> ji[ea[. vktZRv, simi(jk a(BÄy(kt, smAyi uk[l, niTyiRmk p\vZ(_i, kiy<(nFi<rN p|\y&(kt j[v) (SxN p¹F(t hi[v) ji[ea[. riOT^)y Bivniai[ni[ (vkis Yiy t[v) (k\yiRmk p¹F(thi[v) ji[ea[. riOT^)y a[kti an[ (Sxk li[kSih)mi> riOT^)y a[kti jiLvvimi> (Sxkn) B*(mki asrkirk hi[v) ji[ea[. (Sxk (m#i, mig<dS<k an[ tRv(c>tk bn[ ti[ riOT^)y a[kti n[ pi[Pk m*Ãyi[ jLviy. t[nimi> li[kSih) m*Ãyi[ (vksivvin) xmti t[mj yi[³y nig(rk bnivvin) xmti hi[v) ji[ea[. sminti an[ (bnsi>p\di(yktin[ pi[Pk vt<n Äyvhir gi[qvvi ji[ea[. u_im g&Ni[Y)y&kt (Sxkn&> Äy(ktRv t[mj s&>dr ci(r#yvin, k&(ln an[ BivniS)l (Sxk hi[vi[ ji[ea[. riOT^)y a[kti miT[n&> Sil[y aiyi[jn
v]Xi(nkvlN-Scientific Attitude • (vXin a[Tl[ (v(SOT Xin j[ t¸yi[ an[ hk)kti[ prY) t[mj (s¹Fi>ti[n[ aiFir[ tirv) Skiy. • v]Xi(nk vlN a[Tl[ ki[e GTni/(vcir k[ p(rNimn[ tTAYip*v<k t[mj p*v<g\hY) pr rh)n[ ckisvi[ k[ (vcirvi[. • a>F~¹Fiai[, Ki[T) miºytiai[,vh[mY) pr a[k a[v&> vt<n a[Tl[ v]Xi(nk vlN. • v]Xi(nk a(Bgm k[Lvvi[ a[Tl[ ki[e pN bibt k[ GTniai[ vµc[ kiy<-kirNni[ s>b>F smjvi[.
v]Xi(nkvlN (vksivviniud[`Si[ • (vXin oiri Äy(ktmi> ci[ksieni g&Nni[ (vkis Yiy C[. • g(Ntn) mddY) t[nimi> vF& ApOTti an[ tk< S(ktni[ (vkis Yiy C[. • (vXinmi> rh[li> t¸yi[ t[ v]Xi(nk m*Ãyi[ bn[ C[. t[ smij miºy hi[y C[. • (vXin an[ g(Ntni (SxN oiri ci[ksie, (nymb¹Fti, min(sk (SAt, (jXisi, kiy<-kirNni[ sb>F tirvvin) xmti j[vi g&Ni[ K)lvvini[ C[.
v]Xi(nkvlNY) (vksti m*Ãyi[ • tk<b¹Fti + smAyini uk[ln) Ø(OT • (nN<yS(kt + kiy<-kirNni s>b>FY) ji[vin) Ø(OT • p\yi[gS)lti + cmRkiri[ sim[ pDkir f[>kvin) (h>mt • (nrikrN + n](tk bLmi> vFiri[ • aY<HTn + sRyn) Si[F • AvµCti + AviA¸y jiLvN) • v]Xi(nk Ø(OTki[N
v]Xi(nkvlN (vksivvimiT[n) Sil[y p\vZ(_iai[ • (vwiY)<ai[n.[. .. .. • avli[kn an[ (nr)xNn) til)m aipv) ji[ea[. • v]Xi(nk s>k&li[n) an[ ai]wi[(gk gZhi[n) m&likit[ le jvi ji[ea[. • (vXinni p\yi[gi[ kr)-btiv) jit[ (nOkP< tirvvin) C*T hi[v) jiea[. • (v(vF v]Xi(nk smAyiai[ rj* kr) t[ni uk[li[ s*cvvi ji[ea[. • GTni-p\s>g vµc[ kiy<-kirN s>b>Fi[ tirvvin) til)m mLv) ji[ea[. • p\kZ(tni AYLi[n) m&likiti gi[qvv) ji[ea[. • v]Xi(nki[ni p\vcni[-Äyi²yini[-l[K-viti<lipi[ riK) Xin aipv&> ji[ea[. • (fÃmi[-D)v)D) dSi<vv)-T[p s>BLivv) ji[ea[. • (vXin-p\dS<n-p&Atk m[Limi> (vwiY)<n[ le jvi ji[ea[. • cmRkri[ sim[ pDkir f[>kvi an[ sic) mi(ht)n) jiNkir) aipv) ji[e[a[. • p\iY<ni sBimi> an[k avnv) viti[ krv)-cci< sBiai pN yi[jv) ji[ea[ • siyºs s)T)-(vk\m siriBie eºAT)Ty&T-aT)ri-v[FSiLi-btivv) ji[ea[[[.
n](tk m*Ãyi[ = MORAL VALUES + mn& AmZ(tmi> kH&> C[ k[ : aicir prmi[ Fm<: + (h>d& Fm<ni aicir s*#ii[ p\miN[ : sRym` vd` , Fm<m` cr, a(t(Y d[vi[ Bv, (ptZd[vi[ Bv, mitZd[vi[ Bv, g&$d[vi[ Bv, aiciy< d[vi[ Bv + sRy, Fm<, Si>(t, p\[m, a(h>si, p\imi(Nkti.sdicir, S&¹Fti, minvti, ºyiy, aºyn) ligN) Av)kir, (nKilsti a[ n](tk m*Ãyi[ C[. + n](tk m*Ãyi[ minv Jvnn[ uºnt an[ u_im bniv[ C[. n](tk m*Ãyi[ vgrn&> Jvn aY<(hn bn[ C[. + n](tk m*Ãyi[n> pi[PN ai¹yi(Rmk m*Ãyi[Y) Yiy C[. an[ ai¹yi(Rmk m*Ãyi[n&> pi[PN Fm<Y) Yiy C[. + FZ(t xmi dmi]DAt&t] y] Si]y(m(ºWy (ng\h, F) (vwi sRym`k\i[Fi[ dSk> Fm< lxNm`. + Fm< s>AkZtni FZ Fit&> prY) bn[l C[ j[ni[ aY< FirN krv&> a[vi[ Yiy C[. Fm< Jvnn[ FirN kr[C[. Fm<ni upri[kt dS lxNi[ j n](tk an[ ai¹yi(Rmk m*Ãyi[n&> pi[PN kr[ C[.
Fm< miT[ a>g\[J S¾d C[ Religion j[ m*L l[(TnReligioS¾d prY) bºyi[ C[. RE a[Tl[ piCi. Liagrea[Tl[ viLv&>.aim Fm< a[ aiRmin[ prmiRmitrfpiCiviL[ C[. • (vwiY)<ai[n&> ci(r#y an[ sd`g&Ni[n&> (s>cn n](tk an[ ai¹yi(Rmk m*Ãyi[n) (KlvN)Y) Yiy C[. • (vwiY)<ai[ni n](tk an[ ai¹yi(Rmk m*Ãyi[n) (KlvN) miT[ Fi(m<k (SxNni[ (vcir krvi[ ji[ea[. • n)(tni> an[ Fm<ni p&Atki[ S)Kv) (vwiY)<ai[n[ n)(tvin an[ Fm<(nOqiviLi bnivvini p\yRni[ ÄyY< jvini. b&(¹Fn[ til)m aipviY) ãdyn&> GDtr Yvin&> nY). • ji[ aipN[ smijmi> j>gl)pN&> an[ rixs) rij livv&> hi[y ti[ j aipN[ ai¹yi(Rmk (SxNn) up[xi s[v)n[ mi#i ai]wi[(gk an[ Äyivsi(yk (SxN j aipv&> ji[ea[. - Di[. riFikZONn p>c. + sic) k[LvN) mgjmi> p&OkL mi(ht) an[ ai>kDiai[ qi>svimi> nY). s>²yib>F p&Atki[ vi>c) pr)xi psir krvimi> nY) pN ci(r#yn[ (vkis krvimi> aiv[ C[. -gi>F)J.
n](tk an[ ai¹yi(Rmk m*Ãyi[ n](tkm*Ãyi[ p\imi(Nkti minvti n](tk (h>mt S&¹Fti ºyiy aºyn) ligN)ai[ni[ Av)kir (nKilsti n)(tmy Äyvhir ai¹yi(Rmk m*Ãyi[ p\kZ(t(c#iN p\kZ(t(c#iN ai¹yi(Rmk DihpN ai¹yi(Rmk DihpN ai¹yi(Rmk DihpN p\B&p\[m p\B&p\[m p\B&p\[m b\M(nOqi b\M(nOqi ain>d ain>d tpáyi< tpáyi< Fi(m<kti Fi(m<kti
n](tkm*Ãyi[ni (vkismiT[niSil[y kiy<k\mi[ • (vwiY)<n[ jvibdir\) si[>pv)-p]sin)-aiyi[jn- s&prviezr vgr pr)xiai[ l[vin), vg[r[ n](tkti S)Kv[ C[. • (Sxk[ udihrN p*r&> piDv&> ji[ea[. n](tk m*Ãy p\[(rt Äy(ktRv uB&> krv&> ji[ea[. • Si(¾dk upd[S n aipvi[ k[ m*Ãyi[ k[ mti[n&> airi[pN n krv&>. m*Ãyi[ Äyvhirmi> vN) l[vi ji[ea[. • (Sxk[ pi[tini m*Ãyi[ k[ aidSi[< k[ aig\hi[n[ biLki[ pr lidvi n ji[ea[. • ji[ ki[e (vwiY)< n](tk m*Ãyi[ aicrNmi> m*kti> hi[y ti[ t[ni[ bdli[ p\s>SiY) aipvi[ ji[ea[. t[n) t[ p\vZ(_in[ jih[rmi> (brdivv) ji[ea[. • SiLik)y (nyi[mmi> amin(vyti k[ jDti n hi[v) ji[ea[. ji[ k[ SiLin&> vitivrN pN n](tk m*Ãyi[n[ h*>f aipnir hi[v&> ji[ea[. • mhip&@Pi[ni Jvnn&> (vÅl[PN an[ Kis kr)n[ aiRmkYi, Jvn c(r#ii[n&> an[ t[ni prY) cci< Yv) ji[ea[. • Piqmi> k[-a¿yisk\mmi> aivt) n](tk smAyin&> (vÅl[PN cci< kr)- tm[ aivi Ye Ski[ ? • (fÃmi[n&> dS<n krivv&> ji[ea[. upd[SiRmk (fÃmi[n&> dS<n krivviY) n](tk m*Ãyi[n&> p\AYipn Yiy C[.
n](tk m*Ãyi[ an[ (vwiY)<n) p\vZ(_iai[ (vwiY)<ai[ pis[ B*l kb*l krivv). (v(vF kiyk\mi[n&> aiyi[jn-s>ciln-aml)krN krivv&> s[vi-sd`Bivni kiy<k\mi[ yi[jvi. n[#i-d>t yX-rktdin-m[(Dkl tpis riKv). NSS,NCC j[v) p\vZ(_iai[mi> Big l[vi[. p\li[BnviLi kiyi[< krivvi j[Y) p\imi(Nkti (vks[. vZxi ri[pN, f>DfiLi riOT^ Bivni (vks[ t[v) p\vZ(_iai[mi> Big l[vDivvi[. p\(t(n(F m>DLn) rcni krv). riOT^)y a[kti-(bn si>p\di(yktini g&Ni[ (vks[ t[v) p\vZ(_iai[n&> aiyi[jn krv&>. (vwiY)<ai[ siY[ni[ Äyvhir minvtip*N< hi[vi[ ji[ea[ n](tk m*Ãyi[ an[ (SxNn) p¹F(tai[ 1 g&$d[v Fi(m<k k[LvN)mi> n](tk an[ ai¹yi(Rmk m*Ãyi[n) (KlvN) miT[ yi[³y ai~m j[v&> p(v#i AYin an[ p\[rk vitivrN hi[v&> ji[ea[. -rv)ºWniY Tigi[r 2 Jvn GDtr, minv(nmi<N an[ ci(r#y (vkis a[ k[KvN)n&> hid< C[. sRyni sixiRkirni[ j[ mig< btiÄyi[ C[ t[mi> ai¹yi(Rmk, Sir)(rk an[ bi](¹Fk s(ht Äyvhi(rk t[mj viAtvvid) C[. vL), t[mi> minvjit miT[ p\[m, shin&B*(t, s[vin) Bivni sh[l) C[. -Avim) (vv[kin>d n](tk (SxN aipvin) b[ p¹F(tai[ C[: 1. sRy 2. a(h>si sRy a[ Fm<n&> s*Èm Av$p C[. Jyir[ a(h>si a[ Fm<n&> AY*L Av$p C[. (vwiY)<ai[n[ Fi(m<k (SxN aipv&> j ji[ea[. -gi>F)J. n](tkm*Ãyi[ni (vkismiT[ni a(Bgmi[
s>dB< s*(c • Biswas A. and Aggarwal J.C. : Seven Indian Educationists, Arya Book Depot, New Delhi,1968. • Chaube S. P. : Recent Educational Philosophies In India, Ram Prasad & Sons, Agra,1967. • Mani R. S. : Educational Ideas and Ideals of Eminent Indians, New Book Society of India, New Delhi, 1965. 1 gi>F) mi[. k. : sRyni p\yi[gi[ {aiRmkYi}, nvJvn, amdivid. 1961. • jiS) h(rp\sid.: m*Ãy (SxN, si]riOT^ y&(n. rijki[T, p\Ym aivZ(_i, 1998. • Tigi[r rv)|ºWniY, gNi#ii h). h. { an&.} : (vVBirt), li[hiNi (m#i p\[s, vDi[dri, 1920. ai Bi r aip si]ni[