December 3, 2013 Dr. Jeffrey Musser

1. Bugs in your Blood: Malaria! http://www.ghananewsagency.org December 3, 2013 Dr. Jeffrey Musser

2. Malaria’s Impact Worldwide Incidence 350 to 500 million clinical cases > 1,000,000 deaths each year 800,000 are children < 5 yrs. old

3. Where does malaria occur? Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn World Health Organization, January 2004

4. Malaria - Questions Where does malaria occur? How did it get there? What is malaria? How people get malaria? What are the clinical signs? - what happens to infected people? - life cycle of malaria?

5. Questions Malaria in Texas - how did it get here and why is it not here now?

6. Misinformation on the Web

7. What do you know aboutMalaria?

8. What is Malaria?

9. What is Malaria? Art.com Art.com

10. What is Malaria? protozoan parasite, a single-celled organisms, that infects red blood cells Plasmodium sp. Art.com

11. Malaria Early History Has infected man during known history Originated in Africa and followed human migration

12. Where and when did Malaria first occur? AFRICA

13. Malaria 3 Demons: Chills, Fever, Headaches Nei Ching 2700 BC Great cold, intense shivering, body convulsing Fever up to 106º, great thirst Massive headaches ~6 hours, fever breaks Cycles every 48 or 72 hrs., depending on malaria species

14. Miasma theory a poisonous air exhaled by decaying vegetable matter, especially by swamps

15. Malaria lifecycle before 1876 3 Demons: Chills, Fever, Headaches Miasma

16. Charles Laveran Military physician stationed in Algeria in 1876

17. Malaria in 1876 Algeria

18. What did he see? Plasmodium spp. protozoan parasite – single-celled organisms

19. Malaria lifecycle

20. Malaria in 1897 India

21. Sir Ronald RossIndia 1897 20 August 1897 Found the malaria protozoan in the stomach of an Anopheles mosquito…

22. “… clear and almost perfectly circular outline … another, and another exactly similar cell. Here was the clue … the mosquito itself had become infected”

23. The Anopheles mosquito was the vector An organism (such as an insect or rodent) that transmits a pathogen

24. Malaria lifecycle

25. Malaria lifecycle

26. Malaria lifecycle & illness

27. Malaria is species specific Humans Primates Birds Reptiles All Plasmodium but different species

28. http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-malaria-parasite.htmlhttp://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-malaria-parasite.html http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-malaria-parasite.html

29. Malaria comes to the Americas No malaria prior to 1492

30. Malaria comes to the Americas 1492 – European exploration

31. Malaria in the U.S. circa 1850

32. Malaria in the U.S. circa 1912

33. Malaria in the U.S. circa 2012

34. Reservoir – where the mosquitoes get the parasite Vector – Anopheles mosquitoes Host – the animal that gets infected For Malaria to persist, need

35. Elimination andPrevention of Malaria • Reduce contact with vector • Reduce reservoir

36. Mosquito is the vector Elimination andPrevention of Malaria • Reduce contact with vector Is the vector in Texas? YES!!!

37. Elimination andPrevention of Malaria • Reduce contact with vector

38. Elimination andPrevention of Malaria • Reduce contact with vector

39. Elimination andPrevention of Malaria • Reduce contact with vector • Reduce reservoir - where the mosquitoes get the parasite Infected person Infected mosquito Infected person Infected Mosquito gets infected by biting infected person

40. Elimination andPrevention of Malaria • Reduce contact with vector • Reduce reservoir No endemic malaria

41. Land Area www.worldmapper.org www.worldmapper.org

42. Malaria Deaths www.worldmapper.org www.worldmapper.org

43. Mortality 1-4 Year Olds www.worldmapper.org

44. Remember, protect yourself Remember,