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1. What caused the transition from nomadic societies to agrarian civilization? Date: 10.2.13 A 10.3.13 B Early Human Ages Class Work: Warm Up: Predict 3 reasons for the change in Paleolithic to the Neolithic Age. Warm Up Check HW – Early Human notes WS WIO from Last Class Early Man/Paleo vs Neolithic Age notes Review Study Guide and Begin HW WIO: In 2 complete sentences: Compare and Contrast the Neo vs Paleolithic Ages, and provide an example of the lifestyle of those living during them. HW: *Work on Prehistoric Man Contest: Unit Review Sheet- DUE Oct. 8/9th. Page 26 Page 27

2. The word Paleolithic means the Old Stone Age. Early humans living in the Paleolithic era wandered around in search of food. • They lived in small bands, hunting animals and gathering wild plants, berries, and nutsfor food. • We call people who lived like this hunter-gatherers. • People in the Paleolithic era did not have permanent houses. • They lived a nomadic life following animals that migrated from place to place. • They lived in or made temporary shelters out of wood, bones, and animal skin. • They made tools out of stone, wood, and bones as well. • Their ability to make tools helped early humans to thrive and spread across the four corners of the earth. • They were also helped by their ability to use language for communication as well as fire to keep warm and cook.

3. The First Humans Hominids are the family of mankind and his or her relatives.

4. TRACING THE MIGRATION (MOVEMENT) OF EARLY HUMANS ACCORDING TO THE MAP, WHERE DID EARLY HUMANS ORIGIN? AFRICA

5. KEY UNDERSTANDINGS: WHAT DOES MIGRATION MEAN? • MIGRATION IS MOVING FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER NAME TWO REASONS WHY EARLY HOMINIDS MIGRATED FROM AFRICA. • 1) Food 2) Climate HOW DID EARLY HOMINIDS MOVE FROM CONTINENT TO CONTINENT? • They built rafts or walked over glaciered land bridges between the continents before the end of the Ice Age.

6. Very Early Humans It was during this time that the higher primates, including apes and early man, first appeared. There was a difference between apes and man. Early human-like hominids could stand upright. Apes could not. Their hands were different, too. Ape hands were made for climbing and clinging. Man’s hands were jointed differently, which allowed them to make and use tools.

7. First Humanswww.sonoma.edu/.../ anclub/neanderfacts.html • Characteristics • Powerful jaw • Receding chins • Low foreheads • Heavy eyebrows

8. *NOTES* LOUIS & MARY LEAKEY (1903-1972) - Kenyan archaeologists who began looking for early human remains in East Africa. They found many tools, bones & other artifacts. DONALD JOHANSON - (1974) archaeologist who found “Lucy”, a part of an early human skeleton in Ethiopia

9. "Lucy" skeleton, Australopithecus afarensis, about 2.6 million years ago.

10. Archaeologist Mary Leaky

11. STANDARDS FOR BEING HUMAN: 1. 90cc skull size 2. Upright vertebrate 3. Thumb for tool making

12. Stage 1-Homo Habilis- “Handy Man” First to make stone tools 2.5 million years Ago

13. 1.5 million BC – 250,000 BC HOMO ERECTUS  “upright man” 1st to use fire May have had spoken language 1st hominid to migrate out of Africa Stage 2- Homo Erectus

14. Upright Man Many years passed. Another group of man was born. Scientists nicknamed this group “Upright Man”. Upright Man did know how to make fire. That changed everything! People began to cook their food, which helped to reduce disease. People collected around the fire each night, to share stories of the day's hunt and activities, which helped to develop a spirit of community.

15. Upright Man These Stone Age people were about the same size as modern humans. Their tool-making skills were considerably improved. Their weapons included stone axes and knives. Because Upright Man could make fire, he was free to move about in search of food. He did not have to worry about freezing. He made warm clothes from animal skins. At night, he built a campfire to cook his food and to stay warm.

16. Man Leaves Home About one million years ago, Upright Man began to slowly leave Africa. These early people began to populate the world. They did not need a boat. The Ice Age was here! They traveled across giant walkways of frozen ice, over what later would become vast rivers and seas. Scientists have found artifacts of their tools and weapons, which help us to understand how they lived, where they went, and how they got there.

17. 250,000 BC - 30,000 BC HOMO SAPIENS “wise humans” Neanderthals Cro-Magnons Stage 3- Homo Sapiens

18. Scientists once thought that Neanderthals were ancestors of modern humans but no longer do. These hominids appeared 200,000 years ago. About 30,000 years ago, though, the Neanderthals strangely disappeared. 1st to bury their dead Religious beliefs Clothes made of animal skin Neanderthals

19. Neanderthals *Neanderthals were different from other species of early humans. *They were tall and smart * lived in caves *They were great hunters. Considering how smart they were, and how advanced for their time, scientists are puzzled that the Neanderthals were one of the early species of man to die out. Many species of man died out in these early days. But why the Neanderthals? It is a history mystery.

20. 30,000-8000 BC Replaced Neanderthals Fully modern human Cro-Magnons- Homo Sapiens

21. Cro-Magnon Man Another group of early men stood out during this period. Scientists nicknamed this group “Cro-Magnon man”. Cro-Magnon man lived in Europe. This group did not live a life of constant struggle for survival because they worked together to provide food for their tribe.

22. Cro-Magnon Man These Stone Age people learned to cure and store food for the long winter. They used traps, which allowed them to catch food while they were busy doing something else. Fisherman used nets woven from vines and fishhooks. Some groups built rafts and canoes to catch bigger fish in deeper waters. They made clothing and jewelry. They invented the bow and arrow.

23. Cro-Magnons • About 10,000 years before Neanderthals vanished, the Cro-Magnons appeared. • Their bodies were just like those of modern people. • Scientists think that these people worked with one another in planning large-scale hunts of animals. • They may have also had more skill at speaking than Neanderthals. • Because they had these skills, the Cro-Magnons were better at finding food. That may explain why Cro-Magnons survived and Neanderthals did not.

24. During this time people found shelter in caves and left behind very interestingartifacts

25. Cave Paintings Cro-Magnon man did something rather unusual. For some reason, he drew paintings deep inside dark caves, on cave walls. His paintings were added to the paintings already on the cave walls, left by other Cro-Magnon men. Over time, a cavemight accumulate hundreds of paintings. Colors used most often were brown, yellow/tan, dark red, and coal black.