Page 27: “What is History” K*W*L

1. Page 27: “What is History” K*W*L Draw this table into you composition book, on page 27

2. Page 27 (continued): “What is History” K*W*L • In the WHAT I KNOW column, write what you already know about what history is. • Ex.: Can you define History? • In the WHAT I WANT TO KNOW column, write what you would like to know about studying history. • Leave the WHAT I LEARNED column blank.

3. Bell Work: On PAGE 28of your composition notebook- title it Chapter 1 “What is History?” Then write and answer the questions: • Why is studying history important? • Who writes history? • Where do we get our ideas about history?

4. Page 29: History-Making Connections 1. Choose a cartoon and describe it in your own words. (Summarize it!) 2. Describe what this cartoon has to do with “What is History”? Do you think we get some of our current ideas about history from cartoons like these? Explain

5. On page 30 of your Composition Notebook: Use the following slides to complete the chart below with 3 facts in each box. “What is History?” Notes

6. So what IS History? (Define History) • The study of the people and events of the past. • Historians study history- there job is to examine the causes, or reasons, that something happened in the past. • History explains why things are the way they are and helps us understand the present to be able to make decisions about the future

7. Measuring Time • Periods of History: Decade- 10 years, Century- 100 years, Millennium- 1,000 years • Eras- larger blocks of time that historians divide the past into. • Examples of eras: Prehistory- the time before writing was invented, Ancient history- starts when writing was invented and ends around 500 A.D., Middle Ages- 500 A.D. to 1400 A.D., Modern History- 1400 A.D to the present.

8. 9/23/13 Pg33 Measuring Time • Chronological - arranged in the order of time: a chronological list of events.

9. 9/19/13 Pg32 Measuring Time Name Length of Time • decade • century • millennium • era • 10 years • 100 years • 1,000 years • large blocks of time divided by historians. Prehistory is the first era that we will study • Calendars • We use the Gregorian Calendar, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII. North and South America were settled by European explorers, so we use their calendar.

10. 9/23/13 Pg33 Measuring Time • Calendars • We use the Gregorian Calendar, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII. • Julian Calendar- invented by Julius Caesar, has 365.25 days, which means that every four years an extra day was added. These are leap years. • There is no year zero. • BC – Before Christ • AD – Anno Domini (Latin for “in the year of our Lord”)

12. Calendars! • A calendar is a system for arranging days in order. • Some calendars are based on nature, such as the cycle of the moon or the sun. • Julian Calendar- invented by Julius Caesar, started counting years at the founding of Rome. A year on this calendar was 365.25 days, which would mean that every four years and extra day was added. These years are called leap years. • Gregorian Calendar- invented by Pope Gregory XIII. First, he started counting from the birth of Jesus. Next, he ordered that the days between October 4-15 be dropped from the Calendar. Gregory also included leap years, but no century year will be a leap year unless it is divisible by 400.

13. Dating Events • B.C.- In the Gregorian calendar, the years before the birth of Jesus are know as “B.C.” or “ Before Christ”. • To date events before B.C., historians count backward from 1 A.D. There is no year “0”. • A.D.- The years after the birth of Christ are known as “A.D.” or “anno domini” which is Latin for “in the year of the Lord.” • To avoid a religious reference in dating, historians changed “B.C.” to “B.C.E.”, which means “before common era” and changed “A.D.” to “C.E.” which means “common era.”

14. 9/23/13 • There is no year zero. • BC – Before Christ • AD – Anno Domini (Latin for “in the year of our Lord”) • To avoid religious reference in dating, many historians now use • BCE (Before the Common Era) = BC • CE (Common Era) = AD • c. ~means circa, which means about. Example: c. 3100 BC means something happened about 3100 BC We don’t know exactly when it happened. Pg33 Now, in Chart form!

15. History and Science • Archaeology- study of the past by using what people left behind. These scientists dig in the earth to find objects that people left behind, which are also known as artifacts. • Paleontology- study prehistoric times by analyzing fossils, which are the remains of plant and animals. • Anthropology- study of human culture and how it develops over time. These scientists study fossils and artifacts, too.

16. Copy this chart onto page 31 and complete! Homework! Vocabulary Definition Sentence Write a sentence using each word correctly archaeology - Pg 8 1 paleontology - 2 Pg 9 anthropology- 3 Pg 9 4 artifacts - Pg 9 5 fossils - Pg 9

17. 9/23/13 Homework! Pg34 Vocabulary Definition Sentence The study of the past by using what people left behind. These scientists dig in the earth to find objects that people left behind. Write a sentence using the word properly archaeology - Pg 8 1 The study prehistoric times by analyzing fossils, which are the remains of plant and animals paleontology - 2 Pg 9 The study of human culture and how it develops over time. These scientists study fossils and artifacts, too. anthropology- 3 Pg 9 An object made by people 4 artifacts - Pg 9 plant or animal remains that have been preserved from an earlier time 5 fossils - Pg 9

18. 9/18/13 Pg28 Primary Sources and Secondary Sources Primary Sources Secondary Sources • First hand account of an event or time period • Usually written or made during or close to the time period. • Original creative writing or works of art from the time period. • Factual and not interpretative. • Analyzes and interprets primary sources. • Second-hand account of an historical event. • Interprets creative work.

19. 9/18/13 Pg28 Primary Sources and Secondary Sources Primary Sources Secondary Sources • First hand account of an event or time period • Usually written or made during or close to the time period. • Original creative writing or works of art from the time period. • Factual and not interpretative. • Created after an event by people who were not part of the historical event. • Analyzes and interprets primary sources. • Second-hand account of an historical event. • How can I tell them apart? • Think about where the information comes from—personal experience, eyewitness accounts, or reports written by others? • Was the author present at the event or on the scene? • When was the item created? (Is the source from the time period?)

20. 9/18/13 Pg28 Primary Sources and Secondary Sources • How can I tell them apart? • Think about where the information comes from—personal experience, eyewitness accounts, or reports written by others? • Was the author present at the event or on the scene? • When was the item created? (Is the source from the time period?)

21. 10 minutes! 9/18/13 Pg29 Primary Sources and Secondary Sources Primary Sources Secondary Sources