1 / 35

OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY ACTIVE DIRECTORY FUNCTIONS Directory Services Used to define, manage, access, and secure network resources. Resources include: files, printers, groups, people, and applications. Active Directory Stored as NTDS.dit on a domain controller.

bernad
Download Presentation

OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY

  2. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY ACTIVE DIRECTORY FUNCTIONS • Directory Services • Used to define, manage, access, and secure network resources. • Resources include: files, printers, groups, people, and applications. • Active Directory • Stored as NTDS.dit on a domain controller. • Used by domain controllers to authenticate users. • Domain controllers store, maintain, and replicate.

  3. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY ACTIVE DIRECTORY BENEFITS • Centralized administration • Single point of access • Fault tolerance and redundancy • Multiple domain controllers are used • Multi-master replication • Simplified resource location

  4. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY CENTRALIZED ADMINISTRATION • Hierarchical organization for ease of administration • Common Microsoft Management Console (MMC) tool set • Active Directory Users And Computers (DSA.MSC) • Active Directory Domains And Trusts (DOMAIN.MSC) • Active Directory Sites And Services (DSSITE.MSC)

  5. Before directory services After directory services Active Directory Single sign-on Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY SINGLE POINT OF AUTHENTICATION Server1 Server2 Server3

  6. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY MULTI-MASTER REPLICATION

  7. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY SIMPLIFIED RESOURCE LOCATION • Search features available on Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft Windows XP, and Microsoft Windows Server 2003. • Search Active Directory to find: • Shared folders • Printers • People (user accounts)

  8. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY ACTIVE DIRECTORY SCHEMA • Object classes • User accounts • Computer accounts • Printers • Groups • Object Attributes • Name • Globally unique identifier (GUID) • Location (for printer) • E-mail address (for users)

  9. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY ACTIVE DIRECTORY COMPONENTS

  10. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS • Container objects • Look like a folder with a book icon in Active Directory Users And Computers • Security is applied to OUs • Inherited by child OUs • Used to control access to that OU or hide subordinate OUs • Allows for the delegation of administrative rights

  11. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY DOMAINS • Logical grouping of resources. • Form security and replication boundaries. • Individual access control lists (ACLs) for each domain. • Group Policies are typically assigned and inherited within a domain only, not from the forest. • Domain replication is independent of global catalog and schema replication. • Multiple domains may be used by a single organization.

  12. Forest root Domain tree and tree root ou root parent ou contoso . com tailspintoys . com child child west . contoso . com east . contoso . com Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY DOMAINS, TREES, AND A FOREST

  13. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY SITES • Used to reflect the physical network structure • Usually local area network (LAN) versus wide area network (WAN) • Optimize replication • Knowledge Consistency Checker (KCC) creates and maintains this structure

  14. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY NAMING STANDARDS • Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) • Standard naming structure and hierarchy • Established by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) • Domain Name System (DNS) • Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

  15. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY LDAP NAMES • Cn=jsmith,ou=sales,dc=cohowinery,dc=com • jsmith@cohowinery.com

  16. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY PLANNING FOR ACTIVE DIRECTORY • Logical and physical structure • DNS and Active Directory integration and naming • Functional levels of domains and forests • Trust relationships and models

  17. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY STRUCTURING ACTIVE DIRECTORY • Security and administrative goals are important when defining the logical structure. • Group Policy application and inheritance • Delegating administrative control • Permission inheritance • Logical structure often reflects the business or administrative model. • Sites are used to reflect the physical structure of the network.

  18. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY ROLE OF DNS • Resolves friendly names to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. • Required by Active Directory. • Domain members use service locator (SRV) records to find domain controllers. • Dynamic DNS (DDNS) is supported and recommended.

  19. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY FUNCTIONAL LEVELS • Designed to support downlevel compatibility • Increasing functional level allows for use of new features • Two types of functional level • Domain functional level • Forest functional level

  20. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY DOMAIN FUNCTIONAL LEVELS • Windows 2000 mixed • Windows 2000 native • Windows Server 2003 interim • Windows Server 2003

  21. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY WINDOWS 2000 MIXED FUNCTIONAL LEVEL • Domain controllers can run on the following operating systems: • Windows NT Server 4.0 • Windows 2000 Server • Windows Server 2003 • Features at this functional level include: • Install from media • Application directory partitions • Enhanced user interface (UI)

  22. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY WINDOWS 2000 NATIVE FUNCTIONAL LEVEL • Domain controllers can run on the following operating systems: • Windows 2000 Server • Windows Server 2003 • Features at this functional level include: • Group nesting • Universal groups • Security Identifier History (siDHistory)

  23. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY WINDOWS SERVER 2003 INTERIM FUNCTIONAL LEVEL • Designed for organizations that have not upgraded to Windows 2000 Active Directory. • Only Windows Server 2003 and Windows NT Server 4.0 domain controllers are supported. • Windows 2000 Server domain controllers are NOT allowed. • No extra features over any other functional level.

  24. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY WINDOWS SERVER 2003 FUNCTIONAL LEVEL • Only Windows Server 2003 domain controllers • Features at this functional level include: • Replicated last logon timestamp • Key Distribution Center (KDC) version numbers • User password on inetOrgPerson objects • Domain renaming

  25. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY RAISING THE DOMAIN FUNCTIONAL LEVEL • Must be logged on as a member of the Domain Admins group. • Performed using the Primary Domain Controller (PDC) emulator. • All domain controllers must support the new level. • Irreversible.

  26. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY FOREST FUNCTIONAL LEVELS • Windows 2000 • Windows Server 2003 interim • Windows Server 2003

  27. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY WINDOWS 2000 FOREST FUNCTIONAL LEVEL • All domain controllers must be Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 domain controllers. • Features supported at this functional level include: • Install from media • Universal group caching • Application directory partitions

  28. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY WINDOWS 2003 INTERIM FOREST FUNCTIONAL LEVEL • Only Windows Server 2003 and Windows NT Server 4.0 domain controllers are supported. • Windows 2000 Server domain controllers are NOT allowed. • Features at this level include: • Improved inter-site topology generator (ISTG) • Improved linked value replication

  29. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY WINDOWS SERVER 2003 FOREST FUNCTIONAL LEVEL • Only Windows Server 2003 domain controllers are supported. • Features at this level include: • Dynamic auxiliary class objects • User objects can be converted to inetOrgPerson objects • Schema redefinitions permitted • Domain renames permitted • Cross-forest trusts permitted

  30. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY RAISING THE FOREST FUNCTIONAL LEVEL • Must be logged on as a member of the Enterprise Administrators group. • Must be connected to the Schema Operations Master. • All domain controllers must support the new functional level. • Irreversible.

  31. Forest Root Domain Child Domain A Child Domain C Child Domain B Child Domain D Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY ACTIVE DIRECTORY TRUST MODELS • Transitivity: If A trusts B and B trusts C, then A trusts C

  32. Forest Root Domain Child Domain A Child Domain C Shortcut Trust Child Domain B Child Domain D Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY SHORTCUT TRUST

  33. Domain A Domain Domain B C Domain D Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY WINDOWS NT SERVER 4.0 TRUST MODEL

  34. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY CROSS-FOREST TRUST • New in Windows Server 2003 • Trusts between two forests • Requires Windows Server 2003 forest functional level • Uses Kerberos as do all Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003 intra-forest trust relationships

  35. Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY SUMMARY • Active Directory is a database (NTDS.dit). • DNS is required by Active Directory. • Schema defines object types and attributes. • Domain and forest functional levels provide a balance between backward compatibility and new functionality. • Active Directory allows for two-way transitive (Kerberos) trusts. • Trusts allow domain hierarchies to be created. • Cross-forest trusts are a new feature for Windows Server 2003 Active Directory.

More Related