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Drug and Alcohol Abusing Offenders

Drug and Alcohol Abusing Offenders. Special Offender Groups. Drug and Alcohol Abusing Offenders Female Offenders Sex Offenders Juvenile Offenders. Law Abiding Behavior and Drug and Alcohol Abusers. It is nearly impossible to promote lawful behavior among drug and alcohol abusers.

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Drug and Alcohol Abusing Offenders

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  1. Drug and Alcohol Abusing Offenders

  2. Special Offender Groups • Drug and Alcohol Abusing Offenders • Female Offenders • Sex Offenders • Juvenile Offenders

  3. Law Abiding Behavior and Drug and Alcohol Abusers • It is nearly impossible to promote lawful behavior among drug and alcohol abusers

  4. The Role of CBC Programs • CBC programs are especially important in helping offenders manage and cope with SA problems.

  5. Where do we find addicts? • Do these areas have common characteristics?

  6. Narcotics Addicts • Most narcotics addicts live in urban areas characterized by: • Poverty • High crime and delinquency rates • High concentration of minority groups

  7. Geography Plays A Role • Caseload Dynamics: Urban vs. Rural • Norfolk, Portsmouth, Richmond, part of NN • Chesapeake and VA Beach • Eastern Shore, Suffolk, Wise County

  8. Narcotics Abuse by Geography • Where in the US is narcotics addiction concentrated? • Why?

  9. Drugs and Crime • Different Drugs, Different Crime Risks

  10. Law Enforcement Officer Risks and Safety • Would it help you in law enforcement to know the physical threat risk of people you have to apprehend or interrogate? • How would you get that information?

  11. Narcotics Addicts and Crime • Most narcotics addicts prefer: • No violent confrontation • Resort to mugging, victim confrontation when necessary

  12. Some Other Drug Abusers • Barbiturate and amphetamine use • Where would you find this information?

  13. Addict Background Characteristics • Families with a disturbed relationship between parents • Separation, divorce, hostility • Inconsistent standards of conduct offered by parents • Addicts typically over indulged and over frustrated • Vacillation between the two

  14. Why do people use drugs? • Drug abuse is: • Purposeful • Provides gratification accomplishing challenging, exciting tasks

  15. Increasing Violence and Crime

  16. Drug Preferences • Do drug users have preferences for drugs?

  17. Important Terminology • Tolerance: • Withdrawal:

  18. Who Suffers As The Result of Substance Abuse? • Communities • Addicts • Families • Emotionally • Physically • Financially

  19. After The Addiction Cycle Is Broken • Desire for drugs does not stop. • Post Addiction Syndrome:

  20. Successful Interventions • How do we increase the likelihood of successful interventions?

  21. Long-Term Success • If long-term SA TX assistance is to succeed • 1. • 2.

  22. Drug TX Programs • There are thousands of drug TX programs. • Some of the major types: • Methadone Maintenance • Therapeutic Communities (TC) • Outpatient • Intensive Day Care • Inpatient/Residential

  23. Methadone Maintenance • Synthetic Narcotic • Blocks Heroin Effect • Criticism: Addiction to synthetic narcotic Can be abused to reduce amount of heroin used Alcohol and some drugs produce blocking effect

  24. Therapeutic Communities • Drug free communes • Regard drug abuse as symptomatic of deeper personal problems • Group meetings prohibit rationalization and irresponsible behavior • Develop self-esteem and personal worth as accepted by the TC

  25. TCs cont’d • Majority of addicts drop out • Regimen, menial tasks, verbal abuse • Many “graduates” become dependent on the program • Stay in program or become staff

  26. CBC Drug Testing • Realities • US, chain of custody, gloves, observation Testing Methods -US, hair, blood

  27. Effective Drug Testing • Effective drug testing • Examples: • Color coded, random draw • Random number drawings

  28. Stress Effects On Staff • Become flexible or break • See offenders as individuals • High Stress: Must ventilate feelings • Rare: May assume some offender behaviors

  29. SA Offender Profile • What are SA offender traits?

  30. SA Offender Profile • History of failures • Reluctant to try • Unmotivated (Except to get drugs) • “Get high and get by” attitude • Poor self-concept • Manipulative

  31. Addiction and Age

  32. Drug and Alcohol Abuse and Criminal Involvement • Alcohol Abusers: • Drug Abusers: • Narcotics Abusers:

  33. Drug and Alcohol Abuse TX

  34. Alcohol Abuse • Why is alcohol abuse particularly difficult to treat?

  35. Alcohol Abuse cont’d • If alcohol is a depressant, why does increased consumption often result in a feeling of stimulation?

  36. Aggressive Attention Seeking Acting Out Socially extroverted Lacks impulse control Resents authority Power seeking Self-destructive Lacks feelings for others Problem Drinkers

  37. Successful Alcohol TX Benefit • Reduced Victimization • Job Stability • Reduced Arrest Rates • Reduced CJ System Costs • Reduced Long-Term Health Care Costs

  38. What Aids Successful Alcohol Abuse TX? • Motivation • The principal barrier to TX is motivation.

  39. Why Do We Need This Stuff? • In both drug and alcohol abusing cases: • Massey: “Significant Emotional Event” • Personal Crisis: Arrest, Family, Job, etc.

  40. Long Term Success • Both alcohol and drug abuse are difficult to treat.

  41. Long Term TX Goals • First: • Second:

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