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MAE 4261: AIR-BREATHING ENGINES

MAE 4261: AIR-BREATHING ENGINES. Overview of Axial Compressors Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Florida Institute of Technology D. R. Kirk. Radial (Centrifugal) Devices Can not handle as high mass flow Less efficient than axial device Short length Robust Less Parts.

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MAE 4261: AIR-BREATHING ENGINES

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  1. MAE 4261: AIR-BREATHING ENGINES Overview of Axial Compressors Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Florida Institute of Technology D. R. Kirk

  2. Radial (Centrifugal) Devices Can not handle as high mass flow Less efficient than axial device Short length Robust Less Parts Axial Devices High mass flow High efficiency Stackable (multi-staging) More parts More complex TWO PRIMARY TYPES OF COMPRESSORS

  3. CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

  4. ALLISON 250: AXIAL + RADIAL DEVICE

  5. WHERE IN THE ENGINE? PW2000 Fan Compressor

  6. 2 SPOOL DEVICE: PW2000 Low Pressure Compressor (wlow) High Pressure Compressor (whigh) High and Low Pressure Turbines

  7. SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION Single Shaft Compressor Twin-Spool Turbofan

  8. 2 SPOOL DEVICE Low Pressure Spool Low Pressure Compressor High Pressure Compressor

  9. FEATURES OF INTEREST: PW2000 Intra-Blade Supports Change in cross sectional flow area Disks (centrifugal stress) also called ‘Blisks’ Blades are twisted

  10. EXTREME TWIST: GE7000

  11. AXIAL COMPRESSOR: SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION Centerline Centerline

  12. SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION

  13. AXIAL COMPRESSOR EXPLODED VIEW

  14. HOW BLADES ARE ATTACHED

  15. REVIEW: PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION • Rotor • Adds swirl to flow • Adds kinetic energy to flow with ½rv2 • Increases total energy carried in flow by increasing angular momentum • Stator • Removes swirl from flow • Not a moving blade → cannot add any net energy to flow • Converts kinetic energy associated with swirl to internal energy by raising static pressure of flow • NGV adds no energy. Adds swirl in direction of rotor motion to lower Mach number of flow relative to rotor blades (improves aerodynamics)

  16. AXIAL COMPRESSOR ENERGY EXCHANGE • Rotor • Adds swirl to flow • Adds kinetic energy to flow with ½rv2 • Increases total energy carried in flow by increasing angular momentum • Stator • Removes swirl from flow • Not a moving blade → cannot add any net energy to flow • Converts kinetic energy associated with swirl to internal energy by raising static pressure of flow • NGV adds no energy. Adds swirl in direction of rotor motion to lower Mach number of flow relative to rotor blades (improves aerodynamics) w Centerline S R R NGV

  17. COMPRESSOR AND FAN DATA FOR VARIOUS ENGINES

  18. EXAMPLES OF BLADE TWIST

  19. COMPRESSOR MAP

  20. BOUNDARY LAYER LOSSES AND SEPARATION

  21. LOSSES AND CASCADE TESTING Measure of loss correlated to Blade geometry and Easily measured in cascade

  22. SHOCK AND HIGH SPEED LOSSES

  23. ENGINE TESTING: BIRD STRIKE http://100.rolls-royce.com/facts/view.jsp?id=215

  24. ADDITIONAL ISSUES AND BLADE TESTING • Other Issues • High Cycle Fatigue • Materials • Manufacturing • Containment of Blade • Disk Rupture • Sealing • Tip and Hub Losses • Turbine Cooling Bleed • Inspection • Replacement Parts ($) ‘Blade-Out’ Simulation

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