InaamUl Haque Senior Advisor Innovative Development Strategies (Pvt.) Ltd Islamabad

1. USER NEEDS PROFILE OF EXECUTIVE EDUCATION ON GOVERNANCE IN PAKISTANA Baseline Study Prepared for GINI InaamUlHaque Senior Advisor Innovative Development Strategies (Pvt.) Ltd Islamabad December 14, 2009

2. Four propositions Regarding the State of Executive Education for Governance in Pakistan Proposition 1.Executive Education of public functionaries as well as that of other societal actors can play a significant role in promoting good governance. Proposition 2.The objective of executive education on governance can not be, however, achieved without the active participation of demand side actors i.e users and potential users of the system. Proposition 3. Drawing up users’ needs profile is essential to form a sound basis for, designing instructional programmes, delineating a road map for implementation and providing a system of evaluation of executive education provided. Proposition 4. These programmes must be drawn up with full cognizance of the prevailing norms of Pakistani society today and must aim at brining about fundamental changes in the existing rules of the game.

3. Factors accounting for Poor Governance Literature Identified Respondents Indentified Unchecked and rampant corruption Inefficiency, incompetency and lack of professionalism amongst the governance providers. Absence of honest and principled leadership Illiteracy and lack of public awareness Individualism Disrespect for the rule of law Lack of transparency Political instability Absence of political will Lack of national vision and civic responsibilities Outdated organizational system and lack of implementation of regulations Poor compensation and career planning resulting in less motivated governance providers Poor regulatory system Violation/Relaxation of prescribed legal provisions • Social Factors: illiteracy, poverty, injustice, insecurity, gender asymmetries, lack of access to information, absence of merit, etc. • Political Factors: political instability, leadership vacuum, political and ethnic violence, poor implementation of development goals, etc. • Economic Factors: misuse and misappropriation of public resources, iniquity in the distribution of wealth and opportunities, inefficient and sub optimal usage of resources, elitist economic structures and policies, etc. • Administrative Factors: Lack of accountability and transparency, political interference, weak judiciary, selective application of laws, etc.

4. Who is “Most Responsible” for Poor Governance in Pakistan (% of Respondents)

5. Methodology / Process of Analysis 1. Desk Review 2. In-Depth Interviews (Two questionnaires) 3. Focus Group Discussions (Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi)

6. Main Finding • Existing system of executive education on governance does not satisfy the needs of users. • Inadequate in both quantitative and qualitative terms • Building Executive Education for Governance requires careful capacity building and change management

7. User Category 1: Legislators are multiple capacity users. They have: • Duty to see that funds allocated for the executive education are well spent and the nation gets value for money i.e., the training process has added value to the capacity of the trainees and made them better providers of governance. • As the direct users of executive education programmes a requirement is help its members acquire necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes to perform its three core functions (representative of constituents, law making, executive oversight) competently and honestly.

8. User Category 2: Government Agencies, Government Institutions, Government Functionaries; (a) Needs of Government as employer (b) Needs of public functionaries as users of training institutions (c) Needs of functionaries working in training institutions User Category 3: Local Governments (a) Need of large scale re-orientation of training programmes in view of the expansion in roles (b) Need for empowerment of elected officials and capacity building of appointed officers

9. User Category 4: Think Tanks, NGOs, Associations, Clubs, Chambers and Unions Needs of executive education on governance are Empowerment related: (a)Empowerment for demanding and pointing the way to good governance (b) Empowerment to act as partners of the government to put into effect agreed norms and principles and plans of actions.

10. Key Recommendations • Number of training institutes should be increased. • Government should invariably convey its training needs to the executive education institutions. • A dedicated module on Governance should be prescribed. • Executive education programs should fully address the need to break away from elitist traditions / attitudes.

11. Key Recommendations (contd.) • Separate Division in the Federal Secretariat for training / executive education may be set up. • Strengthening and capacity building of the training institutions be given greater importance. • Capacity building of legislatures, civil society organizations, of media, business community, etc. should be undertaken to enable them to play a pro-active role in promoting good governance. • Process of capacity building of local governments’ elected and appointed officials for good governance may be improved.

12. Ensuring the User Needs are Met Effectively Requires: • Individual Training/education programs of varying duration for different user needs (specified in the Report). • Careful monitoring and refinement for replication and up scaling. • Basic institutional change and fundamental overhaul of the overall attitudes prevalent in society

13. The dedicated module on governance training should at a minimum cover: • Concept of Governance • Major Constraints to Good Governance in Pakistan • Ethics in Public Service/Attitudinal and behavioral change • Building Governance Capabilities • Character Building • Combating Corruption • Accountability Mechanisms including Administrative Arrangements, Ombudsmen and Courts. • Rule of Law • Fundamental Rights • Administrative Law and Law of Torts • Transparency / Dissemination of Information • Monitoring and Evaluation • Principles of Supervision • Participatory Development • Innovations in Service Delivery / Response based Performance Incentives and Participatory Action Planning • E-Governance • Case Studies on Governance • Practical Exposure to Interface meetings with Citizens and Public Complaint Handling e.g. Open Kutcheris

14. Thank You