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The Phonatory System

The Phonatory System. Outline. ANATOMY OF THE PHONATORY SYSTEM Bones, Cartilages & Joints Ligaments and membranes Innervation of the larynx Muscles of the Larynx Laryngoscopic, coronal and dorsal views of larynx and associated structures Vocal Fold Structure PHYSIOLOGY OF PHONATORY SYSTEM

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The Phonatory System

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  1. The Phonatory System SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  2. Outline • ANATOMY OF THE PHONATORY SYSTEM • Bones, Cartilages & Joints • Ligaments and membranes • Innervation of the larynx • Muscles of the Larynx • Laryngoscopic, coronal and dorsal views of larynx and associated structures • Vocal Fold Structure • PHYSIOLOGY OF PHONATORY SYSTEM • Laryngeal function • Description of vocal fold vibration • Necessary & sufficient conditions for phonation SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  3. The Larynx: Key Functions • Airway Protection • Intrathoracic pressure generation • Valving for speech SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  4. The larynx: in situ larynx thyroid gland trachea SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  5. SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  6. Midsagittal section Figure 37.3 SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  7. Spin 180º SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  8. Superior view dorsal Vocal folds glottis ventral SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  9. Bones, Cartilages & Joints SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  10. Hyoid Bone Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Epiglottis Arytenoid Cartilage Skeletal Structure SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko Figure 37.21

  11. Hyoid Bone, Thyroid Cartilage & Epiglottis Figure 37.17 Figure 37.21 SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  12. Cricoid Cartilage SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko Figure 37.19

  13. Arytenoid Cartilages (paired) Figure 37.20 SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  14. Laryngeal Joints Movement Basics • 6 degrees of freedom possible • Translation – 3 degrees • Rotation – 3 degrees • Pitch • Roll • Yaw SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  15. Laryngeal Joints Figure 37.21 SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  16. Joint Articulation • Thyroepiglottic joint • pitch • Cricothyroid joint • Pitch • Translation • Cricoarytenoid joint • Pitch and roll – rocking • Translation – sliding or gliding SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  17. Hyoepiglottic l. Thyroepiglottic l. Glossoepiglottic folds (median and lateral) Aryepiglottic fold Ligaments & Membranes: Epiglottis SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  18. Hyoepiglottic l. Thyroepiglottic l. Glossoepiglottic folds (median and lateral) Aryepiglottic fold Ligaments & Membranes: Epiglottis SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  19. Thyrohyoid m. Ceratocricoid l. Conus elasticus Vocal l. Cricotracheal m. Posterior Cricoarytenoid l. Ligaments & Membranes: Thyroid & Cricoid cartilages Figure 37.21 SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  20. Conus Elasticus & Vocal Ligament Figure 37.21 SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  21. SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  22. Laryngeal Anatomy: “Surface Geography” – Superior view esophagus Dorsal/Posterior arytenoid glottis Pyriform sinus True vocal fold aryepiglottic fold False (ventricular) fold epiglottis Ventral/Anterior SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  23. Anterior View of Larynx Figure 37.31 SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  24. Interior view of larynx SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko Figure 37.23

  25. Rostral (superior) Ventricular (false) folds Supraglottal cavity (aditus) ventricle True vocal folds glottis Subglottal area Caudal (inferior) Coronal View SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  26. Coronal section SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko Figure 37.23

  27. Laryngeal Anatomy Posterior view Laryngeal Vestibule (aditus) Pyriform Recess (fossa) Figure 36.28 SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  28. Nerve supply to larynx • Cranial Nerve X (Vagus N.) • provide motor supply to all intrinsic muscles • major nerve communicating sensory information to the CNS • 2 branches important for larynx • Superior laryngeal nerve • Internal branch – provides sensory supply • External branch – supplies cricothyroid m. • Recurrent laryngeal nerve • Motor to all other intrinsic muscles SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  29. Nerve supply to Larynx SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko Figure 37.26 Figure 36.33

  30. Nerve supply to Larynx SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko Figure 37.28

  31. Laryngeal Anatomy: The muscles 1. Intrinsic muscles • Both origin and insertion are within the larynx 2. Extrinsic muscles • An origin or insertion is within the larynx 3. Supplemental muscles • No origin/insertion within the larynx, but affects the location of larynx in the neck SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  32. Intrinsic Laryngeal muscles Key Actions Position • Adduct • Abduct Tension • Tense • Slacken Length • Lengthen • Shorten ADDUCTION ABDUCTION SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  33. Lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) Origin: Superior edge of lateral border of cricoid cartilage Insertion: muscular process of arytenoid Action: adducts VF Motor Supply:CN X (recurrent laryngeal nerve) SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko Figure 37.22

  34. Lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) Action From Netter SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  35. Posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) Origin: Posterior (dorsal) surface of cricoid cartilage Insertion: muscular process of arytenoid Action: abducts VF Motor Supply:CN X (recurrent laryngeal nerve) SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko Figure 37.22

  36. Posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko Figure 37.22

  37. Posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) Action From Netter SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  38. Thyroarytenoid (TA) Often considered to have 2 parts • Vocalis • Thyromuscularis Origin: Internal surface of the thyroid angle Insertion: Vocal and muscular process of arytenoid Action: shorten & adducts VF Motor Supply:CN X (recurrent laryngeal nerve) From Netter SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  39. Thyroarytenoid (TA) SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko Figure 37.22

  40. Thyroarytenoid (TA) Action From Netter SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  41. (Inter)arytenoid (IA) Often considered to have 2 fiber types • Oblique • Transverse Origin: Posterior (dorsal) surface of arytenoid surface Insertion: Posterior (dorsal) surface of opposite arytenoid Action: adducts VF Motor Supply:CN X (recurrent laryngeal nerve) SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko Figure 37.22

  42. Interarytenoid (IA) Action From Netter SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  43. Cricothyroid (CT) Often considered to have 2 fiber types • Oblique • Vertical Origin: ventral and lateral surfaces of arch of cricoid cartilage Insertion: Caudal border of the thyroid cartilage and anterior surface of inferior horn Action: lengthens and tenses VF Motor Supply:CN X (external branch of superior laryngeal nerve) SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko Figure 37.22

  44. Cricothyroid (CT) Action From Netter SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  45. Summary of Key actions Box 37.20 SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  46. Extrinsic laryngeal muscles • refers to muscles with a single attachment to a laryngeal cartilage SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  47. Extrinsic muscles: Sternothyroid Origin: superior and posterior portion of the sternum and first costal cartilage Insertion: oblique line of thyroid Action: depresses thyroid cartilage Motor Supply: C1-C3 Ansa cervicalis SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  48. Extrinsic muscles: Thyrohyoid Origin: oblique line of thyroid Insertion: hyoid bone Action: depresses hyoid or elevates thyroid cartilage Motor Supply: C1 SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  49. Ansa Cervicalis SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

  50. Ansa Cervicalis SPPA 2050 Speeech Anatomy & Physiology Tasko

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