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Visceral Skeleton Start of Muscular

Visceral Skeleton Start of Muscular. Visceral Skeleton. Spanchnocranium Develops within the pharyngeal arches Fishes – jaw skeleton Gill arches. Fig. 7.3. Squalus. Cartilages of the Pharyngeal arches. Palatoquadrate (I). Meckel’s cartilage (I). Ceratohyal (II). III IV V VI VII.

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Visceral Skeleton Start of Muscular

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  1. Visceral SkeletonStart of Muscular

  2. Visceral Skeleton • Spanchnocranium • Develops within the pharyngeal arches • Fishes – • jaw skeleton • Gill arches

  3. Fig. 7.3

  4. Squalus Cartilages of the Pharyngeal arches Palatoquadrate (I) Meckel’s cartilage (I) Ceratohyal (II) III IV V VI VII 1st Basibranchial 2nd Basibranchial

  5. Overheads • Mandibles • Skeletal derivatives of pharyngeal arches

  6. Muscle stuff for Lab today

  7. Few general notes on muscle… • Terminology • Sarco- “flesh”; myo- “muscle” • Sarcolemma – cell membrane • Sarcoplasm – cell cytoplasm • Sarcoplasmic Reticulum – Smooth ER of cell • Sarcosomes – mitochondria of cell • Muscle fibers – muscle cell • Cell morphology – elongated, may be multinucleated • Full of contractile proteins (ex. actin, myosin) • 3 types • skeletal, cardiac, smooth • All derived from embryological mesoderm

  8. 3 Types of Muscle • Striated • Alternating light and dark bands • Two types • Skeletal • Cardiac • Most of the voluntary muscle in body • Smooth • not striated • Located in walls of blood vessels and viscera

  9. Fig. 10.1

  10. Skeletal muscle morphology • Size – 30-150 μm diam. • Hypertrophied muscle > 100 μm • Strength of fiber proportional to diam. • Strength of muscle: • Number of fibers • Thickness of component fibers • Muscle consists of: • Muscle fibers • CT (non-cellular fibers) • Tendons – muscle to bone • Aponeuroses – muscle to muscle • General Appearance • Pink – red • Due to rich vascular supply and the presence of myoglobin pigments • Characterization • Red, White, Intermediate

  11. Muscle fiber “types”

  12. Muscle tissue cross-section in child • ATPase Stain – dark • “white” muscle – dark • “red” muscle - lighter

  13. nuclei

  14. Investments of skeletal muscle • Purpose – conserve energy • Epimysium – around entire muscle • Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue • Continuous with tendon • Perimysium – surrounds fascicles of muscle fibers (fascicle = bundle) • Less collagenous • Derived from epimysium • Endomysium – surrounds each muscle fiber • Reticular fibers • External lamina (basal lamina)

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