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  1. Replace this box with a picture? Just click : Insert Picture – from file Locate your image Click – insert Position picture over box Crop/scale etc. Select picture, hold down shift key and click on white background then Click Draw – Order – send to back The top of your picture should be hidden by the top shape. Australian Plant Census A collaborative project to develop an agreed national list of Australian plant taxa.

  2. Why an Australian Plant Census? • Identified need for an ‘agreed’ enumeration of Australian vascular plants by the botanical community • Lack of modern census. Existing Census of Australian Vascular Plants (Hnatiuk 1990) now significantly outdated • Consistency of data across national projects, especially Australia’s Virtual Herbarium (AVH) project • Similar need recognised by land managers and policy makers (i.e. Dept. of Environment and Heritage (DEH)) • Environmental legislation • Land management • Policy development and decision making

  3. Christmas Bush Nuytsia floribunda Ceratopetalum gummiferum Bursaria spinosa Prostanthera lasianthos

  4. Changing taxonomic concepts Different interpretations of species in Subseries Dichromophloiosae of the genus Corymbia

  5. Brooker 1995; EUCLID 2006 umbonata dichromophloia

  6. dichromophloia dichromophloia dichromophloia dichromophloia rubens rubens umbonata umbonata drysdalensis drysdalensis drysdalensis capricornia capricornia capricornia capricornia capricornia capriconia-drysdalensis intergrade • Hill and Johnson 1995

  7. State concepts dichromophloia rubens umbonata capricornia drysdalensis capricornia • QLD - capricornia • NT – capricornia (including drysdalensis); dichromophloia umbonata • WA – drysdalensis; dichromophloia; rubens

  8. What is the APC ? • A collaborative project of the Australian botanical community through the Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria (CHAH): • to arrive at an agreed national list of Australian plant taxa • based on and documented in the Australian Plant Name Index database (APNI) • representing a consensus view of Australian vascular flora for the purposes of communication at a national level. • The content of the APC is based on the latest published taxonomic accounts, assessed against current regional and taxonomic expert opinion.

  9. Australian Plant CensusIntroduction • Proposed enumeration should: • Have general acceptance by the Australian botanical community • Be a consensus view of the Australian vascular flora at national level for national purposes • Have extensive synonymy • Cross reference to alternative taxonomic views A national endorsed taxonomic view of Australian vascular plants, accounting for alternative taxonomies

  10. What is the basis of the APC? • Collaborative and shared product • Based on published and/or on-line electronic resources and current state of knowledge • Flexible and dynamic, reflecting new taxonomies as published • Alternative taxonomies reflected in synonymies & comments • Initial focus was on taxa of conservation significance • Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act • corresponding State / Territory Acts • Later phases on families as treated for Flora of Australia

  11. Management • DEH is the initial primary client for the Australian Plant Census (APC) • CHAH is the collective custodian of taxonomic knowledge on which the Australian Plant Census is based, and the overall authority for content and project management • ANH/CPBR is custodian of the Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) data set, and manages the project on behalf of CHAH

  12. APC Working Group • CHAHworking group composed of taxonomic representatives from each herbarium • Collaborative • Responsive • Consult colleagues • Project Officer works under direction of APNI team in collaboration with the CHAH Working Group

  13. CHAH Working Group • Role of CHAH Working Group • Act as representative for their respective State/Territory • Provide data and information from respective censuses • Respond to requests for information or consideration of taxonomic issues requested by the Project Officer • Work with Project Officer to develop agreed taxonomy and nomenclature • Provide feedback and recommendations to State and Territory authorities

  14. Procedural sequence Compilation of data by Project Officer & APNI Team Contributors Experts, Census compilers, Working Group members, Project Officer Evaluation of data by Project Officer & Working Group Agreed taxonomy Differing taxonomy Project Officer informs CHAH there is no controversy Project Officer prepares case for CHAH to consider in consultation with WG CHAH approves DEH projects Other users Australian Plant Census In APNI with synonymy, alternative taxonomy and relevant commentary CHAH decides on a national taxonomy

  15. Agreed taxonomy • Grevillea • 583 taxa, 1291 names • Treatment largely follows Makinson, Fl. Australia 17A (2000) • Accepted by Working Group without amendment, endorsed by CHAH • Lythraceae • 39 taxa, 106 names • Treatment follows Hewson & Beesley, Fl. Australia 18 (1990) and Lepschi, Nuytsia,13 (2000) • Accepted by Working Group without amendment, endorsed by CHAH

  16. Differing taxonomy • Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. rosenstromii or P. rosenstromii? • Differing taxonomies adopted by different herbaria • Species rank of Clements, Aust. Orchid Research (1989) vs Subspecific rank of Christenson, Phalaenopsis: A monograph (2001) • Cases for adopting either concept prepared by relevant specialists, submitted to Working Group for consideration • Working Group votes in favour of species-level rank for this taxon • Working Group recommendation considered and endorsed by CHAH

  17. Changing circumscription• name remains same; conservation status may change • Calectasia cyanea • Name widely misapplied to number of species now recognised as distinct • Recent research  narrow circumscription • Species occurs only in sw WA • Populations now assigned to other species • Recommendation re EPBC listing: listing of C. cyanea remains appropriate, and conservation status should be reviewed • EPBC listing of some taxa formerly included in C. cyanea should also be considered • Working Group recommendation considered and endorsed by CHAH

  18. Differing taxonomy • Ptychosperma bleeseri • Previously treated as a rare species from NT • Recent research shows this to be conspecific with widespread P. macarthurii • Recommended to DEH that the listing of this species be reviewed and the taxon delisted • In fact this palm is considered to be of cultivated origin…..

  19. Matching phrase, manuscript and misapplied names Acacia sp. Barklys (J.L.Egan 124) NT Herbarium  sensu  CHAH (2006) Acacia citriodoraTindale & D.Keith MS Acacia sp. E Acacia sp. G Acacia sp. G Kimberley Flora (C.H.Gittins 1260) NSW Herbarium Acacia arida auct. non  Benth.:  Pedley, L. 1964, Proc.Roy. Soc. Queensland. 75: 34. Acacia hilliana auct. non  Maiden:  Pedley, L. 1978, Austrobaileya. 1(2): 134-135. WA, NT, Qld

  20. Sample output Ficus saxophila Blumesensu  Du Puy, D.J. & Telford, I.R.H. (1993). ChI Ficus saxophila var. sublanceolata (Miq.) Corner = Ficus virens Aiton Ficus scabrifolia A.Rich. = Ficus coronata Spin & Colla Ficus scandens var. australis F.M.Bailey = Ficus pantoniana King var. pantoniana Ficus scandens var. australis F.M.Bailey = Ficus pantoniana King Ficus scobina Benth.sensu  CHAH (2005). Previous records of this species from WA (e.g. Flora of Kimberley) are in error and represent Ficus aculeata var. orbicularis. NT Ficus semicostata F.M.Bailey = Ficus racemosa L.

  21. Progress to date • c.9400 taxa (= c.28,370 names) considered by Working Group and endorsed by CHAH • Data for approximately 60% is entered/edited in APNI and available via APC web query • Taxa treated to date include: • those listed under EPBC legislation • taxa of conservation significance listed at the State/Territory level • all families published in Flora of Australia, including Casuarinaceae, Combretaceae, Moraceae, Proteaceae, Thymelaeaceae and Urticaceae

  22. Output available at: http://www.chah.gov.au/apc/

  23. Completing the project

  24. Future directions and issues • Continue present taxon-based approach, concentrating on unpublished Flora of Australia volumes, supplemented by DEH priorities • Explore means of maintaining APC beyond initial two year DEH funding • Foster current levels of enthusiasm and commitment from Working Group members and CHAH • Expansion of APC capabilities (e.g. linking to State/Territory censuses, images, additional data sets)

  25. Future directions and issues • Secure further funding to complete data entry to APNI, e.g. industry, philanthropic trusts • Annotated mapping of state censuses and floras to APC and vice versa, so that APC is linked to the AVH • Potential support from NCRIS

  26. Outcomes • Scientifically defensible and appropriate information provided for legislative purposes • Close collaboration between CHAH members • National agreement to produce national census • Agreed methodology, and it’s working • APNI development • Standardisation of informal (phrase) names • Standarisation of taxon names across the country • Increased taxonomic knowledge • Highlighting resolution of taxonomic problems in flora • Encourage publication of many undescribed species

  27. Australian Plant Census APC output available at: http://www.chah.gov.au/apc/ APNI available at: http://www.anbg.gov.au/apni/

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