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Unveiling Viking Cork: Archaeological Redevelopment in South Main Street

Explore the rich history of Viking Cork through an archaeological excavation in a sensitive area, revealing ancient artifacts and structures. Learn about the Norse settlements and trading posts dating back to the 9th century.

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Unveiling Viking Cork: Archaeological Redevelopment in South Main Street

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  1. Beneath the Streets Theme 2, Unit 3, Lesson 2

  2. Slide 2 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Redevelopment of 40-48 South Main Street, Cork Developer submits planning application to Cork City Council Development site within sensitive archaeological area. Application referred to Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht Application granted subject to an archaeological excavation being carried out at the site License for excavation granted by Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht

  3. Slide 3 Location of Excavation Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  4. Slide 4 First Raid on Ireland in 795 AD Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  5. Slide 5 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Viking Settlement in Cork Longphort (Dún) • Safe harbour • Raiding base/quick get away • Tidal heads of river estuaries ideal location • 821 First Viking raid on Cork • 846 First mention of a Viking ‘dún’ at Cork • c. 900 Permanent trading post established

  6. Slide 6 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 What Survives of Viking Cork? • No upstanding buildings • Layers of occupation built up over time • Archaeological excavation –major method of recovery of information • Damp and wet ground • Preservation of organic material

  7. Slide 7 South Main Street Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 River Lee

  8. Slide 8 18th Century Houses Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Speed’s Map of Cork 1610 Sketch of 1794

  9. Slide 9 Street Front River Front Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Two Areas are Selected for Excavation

  10. Slide 10 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 The Street Front • 18th century houses had basements • Upper deposits disturbed layers of rubble (filled-in basements) • Intact archaeological layers below disturbance

  11. Slide 11 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  12. Slide 12 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  13. Slide 13 Central Hearth Doorways Post-and-Wattle Walls Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Rectangular House Street Front

  14. Slide 14 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  15. Slide 15 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  16. Slide 16 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  17. Slide 17 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  18. Slide 18 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  19. Slide 19 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  20. Slide 20 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  21. Slide 21 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Bone Combs

  22. Slide 22 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  23. Slide 23 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  24. Slide 24 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Wooden Bowl

  25. Slide 25 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Iron Knives

  26. Slide 26 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  27. Slide 27 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Toy Boat

  28. Slide 28 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Form: small objects with hole drilled through them Fabric: bone Function: beads- parts of a necklace

  29. Slide 29 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Form: flattened at one end, sharp at the other Fabric: forged iron Function: nails

  30. Slide 30 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Form: circular, flat under-surface, central hole, two circular notches on top-surface Fabric: stone Function: quern stone for grinding wheat into flour

  31. Slide 31 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  32. Foodstuffs Slide 32 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 • Beef, mutton, pork (77%), veal, lamb, venison (red deer) • Cod, ling, hake, eel, gurnard, mullet, plaice, turbot, conger eel, oysters • Hens & geese • Wild duck, teal, plover, curlew, woodcock, snipe (also thrush, blackbird, cormorant, oystercatcher) • Wheat, oats • Hazelnuts, Blackberry, elderberry, cherries/plum/sloe

  33. Slide 33 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Evidence for Fishing Cork Net Float Net Weights

  34. Slide 34 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  35. Slide 35 Cork Built on Marsh Like This Marsh Reclaimed by Enclosing it Like This Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  36. Slide 36 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  37. Slide 37 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  38. Slide 38 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  39. Slide 39 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  40. Slide 40 Timber Revetments date to 1140s/1150s Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  41. Slide 41 Jetty c.1160 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  42. Slide 42 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  43. Slide 43 12th Century Boat Timber 13th Century Roof Timber Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Reusing Worked Timber

  44. Slide 44 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Reconstruction of Jetty

  45. Slide 45 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  46. Slide 46 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  47. Slide 47 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  48. Slide 48 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2 Norman Borough of Cork Founded by Robert Fitzstephen and Miles de Cogan Charter granted in 1185 • A written document granting rights to citizens • A citizen who owned a house or business was called a burgher • Freemen- Paid rent in lieu of feudal services • Elected mayor and town council • Could collect tolls and taxes

  49. Slide 49 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

  50. Slide 50 Theme 2, Unit 3, LESSON 2

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