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CE 636 - Design of Multi-Story Structures T. B. Quimby UAA School of Engineering. Drawings & Specifications. Construction Documents.
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CE 636 - Design of Multi-Story Structures T. B. Quimby UAA School of Engineering Drawings & Specifications
Construction Documents • Consulting Engineers finished product is normally a set of documents that articulate their design intentions in such a manner that someone can implement the design solely from the documents. • Extreme care is required so that the documentation is complete. • The documents consist of: • A set of specifications • A set of drawings • A set of supporting documentation.
Construction Drawings • Visual representation of design. • Building construction drawings normally contain the following subsets, each prepared by a different part of the design team, and each having its own numbering sequence: • Architectural (A#), Civil (C#), Structural (S#), Electrical (E#), Mechanical (M#) • The overall set must be fully coordinated. This is normally done under the direction of the Architect.
Structural Drawing Sets • The objective of the drawing set is to illustrate all the spatial relationships and member sizes in the design. • A structural drawing set normally consists of the following: • General Notes (short specifications) • Framing Plans, Elevations, and Building Sections • Details of connections and subassemblies.
General Considerations in preparing documents • Avoid redundancy. Do not list the same requirement, dimension, etc. twice if it can be avoided. • Redundancy increases the chance of making errors when changes need to be made.... You may miss one! • The order of drawings should be logical and well indexed.
General Notes • An abbreviated set of specifications and drawing clarifications. • Important Contents: • Design Code under which the design was prepared. • Loads that the structure was designed for. • Other basis for design (i.e. soils report, special research data, etc...) • Material and Workmanship specifications. • Coordination with other drawings.
Foundation & Framing Plans • Schematic drawings showing location and sizes of members/elements. • Framing plans also serve as an index to the Sections and Details. • Use a grid system whenever you can. This grid system should be common to the entire drawing set and should be developed by the architect. • When using a fixed grid system, dimensions should be made from important features to the grid whenever practical. • Grid systems make telephone conversations easier! Resulting in better communication.
Use of Schedules • Unclutters plan drawings and allows additional information. • Useful for Beams, Columns, Footings, Shear Walls, Diaphragms, and more.
Framing Elevations • Not always used. • Used similar to a framing plan in that it shows the spatial relationships of all structural elements in a given plane and provides an index to the appropriate sections and details. • Commonly used for individual frames where bracing exists between floor, or connections and/or elements change with level, or to detail reinforced concrete or masonry walls.
Building Sections • Uses are similar to that of Framing Elevations. • Used to show important elevation related information.
Sections & Details • Used to give detailed information about connections and subassemblies.
Specifications • Specifications are detailed written requirements for materials and workmanship • Most agencies and organizations have their own set of “Standard” Specifications that provide a base for job specific editing. • You must have a good knowledge of the available materials and procedures in order to write a specification that can be implemented. • Most large organizations have people on staff whose only job is to write and edit specifications. • Can take advantage of industry produced specifications.
