Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development Nevio Di Giusto Centro Ricerche Fiat

1. Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable DevelopmentNevio Di GiustoCentro Ricerche Fiat

2. The FIAT Group Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

3. The Fiat Group’s businesses Automobiles Agricultural and Construction Equipment Trucks and Commercial Vehicles Components and Production Systems Publishing and Communications Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

4. The Fiat Group’s research system FIAT GROUP RESEARCH IN FIGURES 12.900 people in 114 centers 1,7M€ (3% of industrial revenues) >1600 people >700 inventions >500 EU projects >2000 patents >80 fellowships Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

5. CRF ed Elasis – HEADQUARTERS and BRANCHES CRF Trento Technical and technological solutions for special and low volumes vehicles;info-telematics for urban mobility and logistics Orbassano (TO) Promotes, develops and transfers the innovative contents which give competitiveness and distinctiveness to the product CRP- Amaro (UD) Optics, plastics, micro and nanotechnologies CRF Foggia Diesels and methane engines CRF Valenzano (BA) Injection systems for internal combustion engines Pomigliano (NA) Promotes the innovation and its application in projects, products and processes ELASIS Lecce Agricultural and building machines Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

6. AUTOMOTIVE MARKET - GENERAL ISSUES Challenges • Scarcity of Raw Materials and Energy Sources • Environment • Safety • Traffic congestion • World-wide competition & New competitors • Customer, Market and Society evolution Trade-offs • Innovation vs. risks & competitiveness • Technology mix; development time, cost sharing • Future product life-cycle and technology obsolescence • Timely Integrated approach from all contributors • Market dynamics evolution/change, fragmentation • Alliances/Sharing of components and systems, Sharing of production sites, Relocation of production Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

7. WEST EUROPE +2,2 % 5497 3841 2170 15150 14825 14651 2002 2007 2012 EAST EUROPE + 153% NAFTA +16,5% 2002 2007 2012 13490 11045 11577 2002 2007 2012 4861 4575 4600 AFRICA +140% 2002 2007 2012 JAPAN +5,7% SOUTH AMERICA +91% ASIA + 258% 3570 2707 1866 18774 10693 810 684 337 2002 2007 2012 5246 2002 2007 2012 2002 2007 2012 Automotive Sales Worldwide - Source: Global Insight INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS IN A ODD MARKET Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

8. EVERYBODY HAS ONE … Mass Market ITALY - A SATURATED MARKET ITALY 2007 592 vehicles for 1000 inhabitants Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

9. PRODUCTS IN A SATURATED MARKET • EVERYBODY HAS ONE (at least) … • EACH CUSTOMER WANTS “HIS” OWN… Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

10. … USING SIMILAR, STANDARDIZED SOLUTIONS Source: Frost & Sullivan PRODUCTS IN A SATURATED MARKET • EVERYBODY HAS ONE (at least) … • EACH CUSTOMER WANTS “HIS” ONE… • SEVERAL MILLION CONFIGURATIONS, FOR THOUSANDS OF PRODUCTS… Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

11. Top Priority… BE DIFFERENT! PERCEIVED AS PRODUCTS IN A SATURATED MARKET ACTUALLY: THE CUSTOMERS CANREALLY CHOOSE ACCORDING TO THEIR NEEDS, WISHES AND PERCEPTION OF VALUE… …AND THEY ARE GETTING USED TO IT ( “customer fidelity” is a past attitude) Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

12. OEM SPECIFIC CHALLENGES IN SATURATED MARKET ARE… • To imagine the product for the customer of the future • To forecast the sustainable mobility scenario • To consider social and cultural evolution • To keep in touch with promising new technologies • To nurture new competencies …and to react quickly Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

13. PLAY IN THE GLOBAL MARKET AND REACT QUICKLY RECONFIGURATION AND EVOLUTION It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent … but the one most responsive to change Charles Darwin Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

14. ORGANIZATIONS MUST BE INNOVATIVE AND REACT QUICKLY Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

15. AUTOMOTIVE INNOVATION NETWORK OF COOPERATION THE PILLARS OF AUTOMOTIVE INNOVATION IN FIAT CREATIVITY TECHNICAL & SCIENTIFIC CULTURE PASSION Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

16. SOME METAPHORS OF NETWORK Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

17. ACCELERATING THE INNOVATION TIME-SCALEIN COOPERATVE DEVELOPMENT Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

18. ACCELERATING THE INNOVATION TIME-SCALE Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

19. ACCELERATING THE INNOVATION TIME-SCALE Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

20. ACCELERATING THE INNOVATION TIME-SCALE Time-to-Market Reduction Market risks reduction Communication improvement Organization distance reduction Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

21. THE BEATING HEART OF INNOVATIONMulti - Timeframe Information Integration & Solution Providing Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

22. NETWORKS MUST ADD REAL VALUES If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas. George Bernard Shaw Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

23. NETWORK SHARING INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGIES Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

24. STRENTHENING THE VIRTUAL ENGINEERING Production ManufacturingPlanning Sales &Distribution ProductDesign andValidation 18 months Time To Market Usage ConceptDevelopment Maintenance& Service Requirements & Planning Disposal &Recycling Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

25. BACK TO GLOBAL ISSUES… Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

26. Energy and Environment All industrialized countries are facing today severe challenges regarding energy and environment. They have to: • assure reliable energy supplies (today mostly dependent on petroleum); • reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases in order to fulfill the Kyoto protocol; • protect the environment and improve the quality of life in urban areas. Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

27. HIGH-PRIORITY CHALLENGES IN EUROPEEC green paper Greening of surface transport Developing technologies and knowledge for reduced pollution (air, water and soil) and environmental impact such as climate change, health, biodiversity and noise. Research will improve the cleanliness and energy-efficiency of power-trains and promote the use of alternative fuels, including hydrogen and fuel cells. Encouraging modal shift and decongesting transport corridors This includes activities addressing the interoperability and operational optimisation of local, regional, national and European transport networks, systems and services and their intermodal integration in a global context. Ensuring sustainable urban mobility Focusing on the mobility of people and goods by research on the ‘next generation vehicle’ and its market take-up, bringing together all elements of a clean, energy-efficient, safe and intelligent road transport system. Improving safety and security Developing technologies and intelligent systems to protect vulnerable persons such as drivers, riders, passengers and pedestrians. Advanced engineering systems and risk analysis methodologies will be developed for the design of vehicles and infrastructures. To promote safe, efficient and environmentally friendly mobility Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

28. CRITICAL FACTORS FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

29. Energy and Environment in the Transport Sector The transport sector is deeply involved in meeting these challenges along the vehicle life cycle: Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

30. The scenario: Pollutant emissions • New vehicles pollute 90% less • Currently commercialised vehicles (Euro 4, both gasoline and diesel) allow a pollutants reduction of more than 90% compared to those commercialised at the beginning of 90s. • Pollutant emissions of new cars are “approaching final solution” with the new regulations. • European Union, after consultation with all stakeholders, has recently defined the new ambitious Euro 5 regulations, compulsory for all the new models starting from September 2009. With the following Euro 6 regulations (2014) the allowed emission levels will be so low to reach the measurability threshold. • The problem is represented by the old age of vehicles in-use • Initiatives affecting the in-use fleet – e.g. promoting its renewal - prove to be, by far, more effective than other actions on new vehicles. On the contrary, measures of circulation restriction, sporadic and uncoordinated, have a high social impact and low results. Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

31. Fiat Group Automobiles positioning • Pollutant emissions • Fiat with the new 500 is the first brand to have placed on the market a vehicle ready for the new Euro 5 limits. • Fiat Group Automobiles has already a large range of diesel models equipped with DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter). Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

32. CO2 emissions perception and reality Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

33. The scenario: CO2 reduction • Contribution of the European car makers to Kyoto protocol • In 2005 new cars in Europe reached a CO2 emission level of 13.5 % less than in 1995. This significant improvement is due to the voluntary agreement between European car makers and the European Commission (as a response to the Kyoto protocol), with the commitment to achieve a target of 140 g/km of CO2 by 2008. • These results are even much valuable taking into account the contrasting effects due to the new regulations concerning safety which increase weights and consequently consumption and the market orientation toward larger and heavier vehicles. • Further commitment of the automotive industry • European car makers go on with the technological development for CO2 emission reduction and support the EU objective of further reducing average car emissions to 120 g/kmof CO2. • Crucial for the future of the industry, however, is how this target will be achieved. • It is essential to follow an “integrated approach” with all actors involved: fuel industry, final users, tyres makers, infrastructures, in order to identify the measures with the best cost/benefit ratio. • The new targets should be set through a consultation process providing a thorough evaluation of the global impact and considering the need of sufficient lead-time for the development and production cycles of the car industry. Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

34. Fiat Group Automobiles positioning • CO2 emissions • Fiat brand, according to an independent source (JATO) turned out to have the best CO2 emission in Europe in 2007. • Notwithstanding the European Parliament, is considering a new legislation based on targets and CO2 tax for 2012. Fiat Automobiles commits itself to obtaining within 2012, the lowest average level of CO2 emissions for its cars. Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

35. Ecological manifestos Gasoline or a Methane-Hydrogen mixture powered Diesel powered Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

36. New Technologies for efficient engines • Gasoline engines: • Progressive adoption of turbocharged systems coupled with a substantial displacement downsizing; • Introduction of a control system of valve timing and lift (Multiair) able to reduce consumption of 10% both on naturally aspirated and turbocharged engines; • Progressive introduction of gasoline direct injection; • The new 1.4 turbo and 1.8 turbo direct injection, the new engine family with Multiair technology and the new small size two-cylinder engine (SGE) represent the main achievements. • Diesel engines: • Application of advanced technologies for turbocharged systems allowing for a displacement downsizing. An example is the new 1.6 Multijet engine. • For both gasoline and diesel engines: • Spreading the use of Stop&Start systems for a further fuel consumption reduction. Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

37. Hybrid for urban mobility City Car Delivery Van Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

38. Alternative fuels • Natural gas (methane): • Fiat is the leader since more than 10 years in this technology and is the first car maker to offer a large range of double powered vehicles (gasoline-methane). In January 2007 the new Panda-Panda has been launched to complete the range with a city car. For the future, further developments are planned with the double gasoline-methane powering. Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

39. Fiat natural gas cars Multipla Panda Panda Doblò / Doblò Cargo Punto / Punto Van Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

40. IVECO natural gas commercial vehicles Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

41. HyperPandaUsing natural gas/hydrogen blends for urban vehicles Methane-Hydrogen mixtures • is an intermediate step, • for promoting in the medium term the extension of the infrastructures for the distribution of hydrogen. • Fiat is developing a demonstration fleet of vehicles powered with methane-hydrogen mixtures with the objective of tuning this technology. Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

42. Panda Hydrogen Hydrogen • is the long term solution. • research in this sector requires large investments and requires the development of adequate infrastructures • the support from the institutions is considered essential for the development of hydrogen technology as a possible solution for mobility. • Fiat is active in the research on the fuel cells technology through the study, the engineering and the production of constantly updated prototypes. Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

43. Reuse and Recycling Recovery Landfill Reuse, Recycling & Energy Recovery • A substantial reduction in the need of using raw materials and in the emissions of greenhouse gases can be achieved through the adoption of an integrated approach, combining high proportions of recycled materials, significant use of renewable resources and energy recovery from residual end-of-life vehicles. END OF LIFE VEHICLES (Directive 2000/53/EC) Target 2015 Target 2006 Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

44. THE INTEGRATED APPROACH Sustainable Mobility requires the coordinated contribution of all involved stakeholders: OEM, Suppliers, Road and Traffic operators, Communication and Energy Companies, Policy Makers, and Road Users. Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

45. Dynamic Navigation with Floating Car DataThe integrated Approach with Infrastructure and Traffic Operators • Dynamic navigation based on an experimental Floating Car Data (FCD) system provides the driver with up-to-date route information that reflects actual traffic conditions. • This map is transmitted to the vehicles so that the optimum route can be recalculated if necessary. This system provides a more flexible, complete and economical traffic estimate, ensuring that the calculated route is more reliable reducing travel times by an average of 20 to 25%. Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

46. EcoDriveThe Integrated Approach – Affecting the Driver behavior • EcoDrive collects all necessary data relating to vehicle efficiency and, through Blue&Me’s USB gate, transmits it into a normal USB key. • The “EcoDrive” system presents the driver with detailed environmental performance of the car including the CO2 emission level for each trip. It analyses the driver’s style and then provides tips and recommendations on how to modify style to achieve CO2 reductions – and save money on fuel. Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

47. The Safety Issue HIGH-PRIORITY CHALLENGES IN EUROPE Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

48. Regulations and EC expectations The Commission White Paper of 2001 sets a target to reduce the overall number of fatal road accidents by 50% by the year 2010. Proposal 2007/0201(08/10/2007): passenger cars need to be fitted with Brake Assist Systems (BAS) as early as 2009. Proposal IP/07/1453 (03/10/2007): protection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users. SAFETY IS A MUST Facts 238.124 accidents About 61% involve front side of the vehicle. About 8% involve pedestrians. 76.5% occur in urban scenario, 5.6% in highway and 17.9% in other road. 5.669 332.955 ACI-ISTAT Rating Pre-crash Pedestrian protection • Frontal impact • Child protection • Pedestrian protection • Whiplash-Test (Sept. 2008) Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

49. Driver Assistance Research shows that : • driver fatigue is the cause of more than 20% of the accidents that occur in traffic • up to 90% of all traffic accidents are caused by driver distraction or misuse • This fact is a driving force behind development of new safety functions (expecially for trucks) aimed at helping the driver to avoid or reduce accidents caused by distraction or driver fatigue. • New HMI to reduce cognitive or physiological stress • New interior environments to improve driving comfort • Driver Assistance Systems Source: EEVC WG14, Swedish and European authorities Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development

50. Driver Assistance Systems Collision Warning Collision Mitigation / Pre-crash Passive Safety / Emergency Call Restraint Systems Emergency Braking Front Collision Warning Occupant Protection Lane Departure Warning Lateral Collision Warning NORMAL DRIVING Emergency Call Lane Change Assist Structural Design Pre-Crash Time Secondary Tertiary Primary Making Vehicles Safer requires an integrated approach Making vehicles intrinsically safer is focusing on: • Avoiding hazardous situations and prevent incidents occurring (Primary) • Mitigating the effects of an incident (Secondary) • Facilitating rescue after the event (Tertiary) Crash Fiat Strategies in Automotive Sustainable Development