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Comprehensive Guide to Vitamins, Herbs, and Supplements for Wellness

Understanding the importance of vitamins, herbs, and nutritional supplements for overall health. Learn about different types of vitamins, herbs' healing properties, and the benefits of nutritional supplements.

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Comprehensive Guide to Vitamins, Herbs, and Supplements for Wellness

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  1. Vitamins, Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements Matthew S. Miller 27 July 2018 HW499 - Bachelors Capstone in Health and Wellness

  2. Introduction • Information for Vitamins, Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements • Vitamins • Herbs • Nutritional Supplements • Summary • References

  3. Information for Vitamins

  4. Information for Vitamins • Vitamins – what are they? • Definition: Must be an organic dietary substance that is not energy producing • Needed in very small quantities to perform a particular metabolic function and prevent and associated deficiency disease • Body cannot manufacture it, so must be supplied in food (Schlenker & Roth, 2011)

  5. Information for Vitamins continued • Vitamins – what are they? • Fat Soluble Vitamins – Vitamin A, D, E, and K • Easily stored in the body and functions are related to structural activities with proteins • Water-Soluble Vitamins – Vitamin C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12 • More easily absorbed and transported; cannot be stored except in tissue saturation; Vitamin C works with enzymes that support tissue building and maintenance (Schlenker & Roth, 2011)

  6. Information for Vitamins continued • Vitamins – what are they? • Fat Soluble Vitamins – Vitamin A, D, E, and K Vitamin A function: influences integrity of body coverings and linings, growth, immunity and reproductive functions • Vitamin D function: associated with calcium and phosphorus absorption and deposition in bone • Vitamin E function: nature's most potent antioxidant • Vitamin K function: initiate liver synthesis of blood-clotting factors and stimulates the synthesis of osteocalcin and other proteins important to bone health (Schlenker & Roth, 2011)

  7. Information for Vitamins continued • Vitamins – what are they? • Water-Soluble Vitamins – Vitamin C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12 • Vitamin C function: antioxidant • Thiamin function: control agent in energy metabolism • Riboflavin function: integral to energy metabolism and deamination (removal of nitrogen-containing amino group from an existing amino acid so that a new amino acid can be formed). Active in energy production and tissue building. • Niacin function: partners with riboflavin in cellular enzyme systems that convert amino acids and glycerol to glucose and then oxidize the glucose to release energy (Schlenker & Roth, 2011)

  8. Information for Vitamins continued • Vitamins – what are they? • Water-Soluble Vitamins – Vitamin C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12 • Pantothenic acid function: controls metabolic reactions involving carbohydrate, fat, and protein • Biotin function: transfers carbon dioxide from one compound to another • Vitamin B6 function: coenzyme in protein and fat metabolism • Folate function: attaching single carbons to metabolic compounds • Vitamin B12 function: participates in amino acid metabolism and formation of hemoglobin; synthesis of lipids and proteins covering the nerves of the brain and spinal cord (Schlenker & Roth, 2011)

  9. Information for Herbs

  10. Information for Herbs • Herbs – what are they? • Class 1 – herbs that can be consumed safely when used appropriately • Class 2 – herbs with some restrictions; external use only, not to be used during pregnancy; not to be used while nursing, specific restrictions as noted • Class 3 – herbs for which significant data exist to recommend under the supervision of an expert qualified in appropriate use of the substance • Class 4 – herbs for which insufficient data is available (Roth, 2010)

  11. Information for Herbs continued • Herbs – what are they? • Plants containing healing properties • Health benefits include • boosting psychological health, • regulate bowel movements, • anti-inflammatory properties, • boost immune system, • improve cardiovascular health, • alleviating pain and fighting infections (Roth, 2010)

  12. Information for Herbs continued • Herbs – what are they? • Types of Herbs: everything from A to Y • Echinacea used as an immune stimulant • Garlic used as an antimicrobial, anti-asthmatic, and anti-inflammatory • Horseradish used as a diuretic, antibacterial, and decrease joint inflammation • Marjoram used as a diuretic, to treat headaches, coughs, arthritis, and muscle pain and stiffness • Tea Tree Oil used to treat bacterial, viral, and fungal infections (Roth, 2010)

  13. Information for Nutritional Supplements

  14. Information for Nutritional Supplements • Nutritional Supplements – what are they? • Defined as a dietary supplement intended to provide nutrients that otherwise may not be consumed in sufficient quantities; for example, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids or other nutritional substances (nature.com, 2018). • Can include anything from sports drinks to a pill or tablet to a soft gel to a powder. • Usually has a disclaimer that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not evaluated the claim and that the supplement is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease • Usually made under the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines

  15. Information for Nutritional Supplements continued • Nutritional Supplements – what are they? • Can include: • Vitamins and minerals • Proteins and amino acids • Bodybuilding supplements • Fatty acids • Prebiotics & probiotics • Natural products in the fabrication

  16. Information for Nutritional Supplements continued • Nutritional Supplements – what are they? • Are they regulated? • Yes, by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) • The Dietary Supplement Health & Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 defines what supplements are and guidelines on how they should be regulated and sold (nowfoods.com, 2018) • Third party organizations that independently monitor and verify product quality • Not required by law to go thru same testing as pharmaceutical products; however categorized with food because they are made with natural products

  17. Summary • Vitamins, Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements are a part of our everyday life. • Vitamins include fat-soluble and water-soluble; cannot be produced in the body so must be consumed • Herbs fall into four classifications; uses include food and dietary as well as medicinal purposes • Nutritional Supplements are to provide nutrients that may not normally be consumed in the necessary amounts

  18. References • Williams' Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. VitalBook file. • Skidmore-Roth, Linda. Mosby's Handbook of Herbs & Natural Supplements, 4th Edition. Mosby, 042009. VitalBook file. • (n.d.). Retrieved July 28, 2018, from https://www.nature.com/subjects/nutritional-supplements • The FDA and Dietary Supplements: How Supplements Are Regulated. (2018, July 19). Retrieved July 28, 2018, from https://www.nowfoods.com/now/nowledge/fda-and-dietary-supplements-how-supplements-are-regulated

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