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Coral Reef of Egypt Analysis of Management and Policy

Coral Reef of Egypt Analysis of Management and Policy. Ayman Gomaa National Parks of Egypt. Values of Coral Reef. Natural and ecological Economic Aesthetic. Kinds of Reef Building Systems. Fringing reef Barrier reef An Atoll. Fringing reef. Barrier reef. An Atoll.

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Coral Reef of Egypt Analysis of Management and Policy

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  1. Coral Reef of EgyptAnalysis of Management and Policy Ayman Gomaa National Parks of Egypt

  2. Values of Coral Reef • Natural and ecological • Economic • Aesthetic

  3. Kinds of Reef Building Systems • Fringing reef • Barrierreef • An Atoll

  4. Fringing reef

  5. Barrier reef

  6. An Atoll

  7. Physical Conditions for Coral Growth • Warm water • Clear water • Stable saline water

  8. Egyptian Coral Reef • Mostly fringing • Barrier reef is only being developed in the Gulf of Suez • Average number of coral reef species is 240 • Average number of coral fish species is more than 1000

  9. Occurrence: • Red Sea coast • Gulf of Aqaba coast • Gulf of Suez coast • Offshore reefs

  10. Map of the Red Sea

  11. Impacts on the Egyptian Coral Reef I- Natural Impact • Outbreaks of the COTS (Acanthaster planci) • Coral diseases (white and black bands) • Climatic change and global warming II- Human Impact • Physical damage due to divers, anchoring, and ship grounding • Over fishing • Pollution (boats, oil spills, waste disposal, sewage, .etc) • Tourist Development

  12. How Coral Reef is Managed • Define impacts • Define suitable strategy for each impact • Implement strategies • Restore what have been damaged. OR in summary • Impact control axis • Restoration axis

  13. How We Manage Our Coral Reef • Coral reef inside protectorates is protected under law of natural protectorates (Law 102/1983) • Coral reef outside protectorates is protected under Law of Environment (Law 4/1994)

  14. Management Strategies • Monitoring of coral reef • Law enforcement • Public awareness • Mooring buoys • Dive Site Management • EIA’s and permits system • Development following up • Indigenous people support • Fisheries management • Marine zoning • Co-operation with national and international agencies

  15. Monitoring of Coral Reef 1. Programs • Long term program • Short term program 2. Assessments • Rapid underwater assessment (RUA) • Detailed assessment 3. Survey tools • Quadrate • Transect • Photographic transect • Video transect • Satellite image and remote sensing

  16. Law Enforcement • Coastal patrolling • Marine patrolling • Other patrolling (gift shop and fish market)

  17. Public Awareness • Brochures and pamphlets • Signboards and road posts • TV and Radio broadcasting • Internet and Multimedia • Visitor centers • Ranger duty • Workshops • Liaison with Governmental and NGO agencies

  18. Mooring buoys 1- Functions • Release the physical damage due to anchoring • Used in dive site management 2- Types • Bottom ( Anchor, Manta Ray, or Pin + Buoy) • Reef Top ( Pin+ Floating Rob) 3- Programs • Installation • Maintenance.

  19. Dive Site Management • Dive sites are managed according to the carrying capacity of each one. • For Example: If Shark Reef has a carrying capacity of 50 divers/day. So we divide this 100 divers/ 5 dives a day, that means we have 20 divers/dive/5 times/day. If a boat carries 10 divers, that means you will have 2 boats at any dive time.

  20. EIA and Permits System 1- EIA • Each project should submit an EIA obligatory • The EEAA reviews the study, then approves or disapproves it, according to the environmental impacts and the alternatives suggested. 2- Permits System • Many activities require permit form EEAA/NPE Such as research, visiting closed areas (reserve), coral sampling, and offshore island.

  21. Development Following up • To insure that the construction phase is consistent with the EIA • To provide consultancy • To enforce the law and environmental regulations

  22. Indigenous People Support • Bedouin support program • Socio-economic support • Medical support

  23. Fisheries Management 1- Habitat protection • Reserves (no take zone, e.g. RMNP) • Multiple resource managed areas (through close and open strategy e.g. Nabq MRMA) N.P Indigenous people only allowed to fish. 2- Public awareness for fishermen

  24. Marine Zoning • Main function is to resolve conflicts among different users of the resource • Zones • General zone (high impact zone) • Diving zone (low impact zone) • Recreational zone ( moderate impact zone) • Reserve (zero impact zone) • Problems • How to implement? • How to mark the different zones?

  25. Case Study (Al Gona 84, & 97)

  26. Internet Resource For further information please visit: • Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency website:http://www.eeaa.gov.eg • National Parks of Egypt homepage: http://www.sinaiparks.gov.eg • Red Sea Mooring Database at Hepca homepage:http://www.hepca.org

  27. End of Slide Show Thank you

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