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Intro to Biological Oceanography

Intro to Biological Oceanography. Animal Diversity. Biodiversity. The term Biodiversity is used to describe the number and kinds of things living in an area . Because there is such great biodiversity on Earth, a system is used to classify or categorize each type of organism.

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Intro to Biological Oceanography

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  1. Intro to Biological Oceanography Animal Diversity

  2. Biodiversity • The term Biodiversity is used to describe the number and kinds of things living in an area. • Because there is such great biodiversity on Earth, a system is used to classify or categorize each type of organism. • We call this classification taxonomy

  3. Taxonomy • A taxonomist is a scientist who classifies organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships. http://creationsafaris.com/images/linnaeus.jpg

  4. Taxonomy • "Do keep piling chocolate on for goodness sakes.“ • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  5. Taxonomy • Binomial Nomenclature – involves organizing an organism's scientific name into a combination of two terms. • These terms are the Genusname and the species. • Both of these terms are italicized and the genus name is also capitalized.

  6. Taxonomy • Binomial Nomenclature example – Great White Shark – Genus: Carcharodon species: carcharias Scientific name = Carcharadoncarcharias http://oceanlink.island.net/biodiversity/shark/Great-White-Shark.jpg

  7. Example: Velellavelella

  8. Animal Diversity • Kingdom – Animalia • Divided into about 33 major groups called Phyla • Each Phylum represents a distinct body plan. • The difference between phyla is much greater than the difference between species within an individual phylum.

  9. Animal Diversity • Out of all these phyla, only one is not represented in the ocean– the little velvet worm called onychphorans • By contrast 14 of them are only found in the ocean. http://animais.culturamix.com/blog/wp-content/gallery/animais-em-extincao-onychophora/animais-em-extincao-onychophora-2.jpg

  10. Animal Diversity • The animal diversity in the ocean is much greater than it is on land….and…. • Many new ocean species have yet to be discovered!!!

  11. Animal Diversity • For example – In 1998 scientists discovered that what had previously been viewed as two species of commercially valuable deep-sea crabs was really 18 different species!! http://files.abovetopsecret.com/files/img/bt4f7530ba.jpg

  12. Animal Diversity • In 2001 a 23 foot squid was discovered. • In 2003 a blood red, 2-3 foot long jelly fish with no tentacles was discovered. • These are just examples of the ocean species being discovered all the time…. Many more are yet to be documented!! http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&sa=X&hl=en&biw=1441&bih=710&tbm=isch&tbnid=OVh_iEBp_Hb7zM:&imgrefurl=http://thewere42.wordpress.com/category/biology/page/24/&docid=MeL2XsiMNpc4pM&imgurl=http://thewere42.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/091211-01-blood-red-jellyfish_big.jpg%253Fw%253D604&w=461&h=275&ei=YZ-4Uf6WEbjd4APeyYHYBg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:0,s:0,i:80&iact=rc&dur=213&page=1&tbnh=173&tbnw=291&start=0&ndsp=17&tx=193&ty=81

  13. The Underappreciated Multitudes • Animals seem to get most of the attention when we talk about diversity, but the ocean is full of plants, algae, bacteria, and protists that often get overlooked (the remaining 4 kingdoms). https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQmSiEG1ZoaYttOV_c8j0ffbzvAdqhHZZxLkMIta9FwI6nLge5Og http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkTKJ2c_sI/AAAAAAAAB4M/Yhs0P6lbQiI/s320/diatom2.jpg http://images.sciencedaily.com/2008/05/080515145350-large.jpg http://www.energyinsight.info/ocean_algae_biomass.jpg

  14. The Underappreciated Multitudes • Microscopic primary producers (single celled algae) and other organisms capable of making their own energy are the foundation of most marine food webs. • These organisms are able to make their own energy from sunlight or chemicals.

  15. The Underappreciated Multitudes • Organisms that can make their own food are called producers or autotrophs • Organisms that use sunlight to make their own food undergo the process of photosynthesis • Organisms that use chemicals to make their own food undergo the process of chemosynthesis

  16. Ocean Diversity Video Clip • Click photo for video http://www.freelancerbay.com/files/users/PostArt/blogs/Sea_Ocean_N.jpg

  17. References http://biology.about.com/b/2006/12/15/binomial-nomenclature.htm http://www.jostimages.com/details/sharks/index/00015465/The-Great-White-Sharks-scientific-name-is-Carcharodon-carcharias.html

  18. References Adapted from: Science 101: Ocean Science [Paperback] Jennifer Hoffman

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