Reproduction of the Amphiprion ocellaris clownfish vs Amphiprion clarkii clownfish

1. Reproduction of the Amphiprion ocellaris clownfish vs Amphiprion clarkii clownfish By Amelia Coletti and Kelly Peterson

2. Focus of Research • Reproduction cycle of the Amphiprion ocellaris clownfish vs. Amphiprion clarkii clownfish Tank 90 mated pair T Tank C2 mated pair

3. Introduction Tank C2 mated pair Background of the anemonefishes -Clownfishes by Joyce Wilkerson, 2001 -Clownfishes by Richard Stratton, 2000 -Scott Michael, Clownfish Breeding, 2012 Tank 90 mated pair

4. Introduction Research Questions 1. Does the type of lighting affect the reproduction of clownfish? (moonlights encourage spawning.) 2. Are the clownfish more likely to lay their eggs on a surface covered in algae, like the rock in the aquarium, or a clean surface like a tile? 3. Do the Amphiprion Clarkii breed less or more than the Amphiprion ocellaris? 4. Do environmental factors like water temperatures, water currents, pH, and lighting have an affect on the hatching of the clownfish eggs? (which would take place in a separate tank) 5. Does the Amphiprion ocellaris have different reproductive behaviors then the Amphiprion Clarkii? ex( male cleaning the rock, tattered fins on the female from the male nipping at her)

5. Introduction Hypothesis: The Amphiprion ocellaris clownfish breeds more often than the Amphiprion clarkii clownfish due to the effects of the addition of a flat and clean surface to spawn on, and the day and lunar lighting in tank 90 than in tank C2.

6. Methods- tank 90 1. Amphiprion ocellaris clownfish 2. Tile for the clownfish to lay eggs on 3. Moonlighting / lunar lighting 4. Hydrometer, thermometer, pH test kit 5. Movement of Powerheads 6. Mirror type tool to view the back of the rock TIle addition Lunar lighting

7. Methods- Tank C2 Artificial anemone 1. Amphiprion clarkii 2. Fake anemone 3. Mirror type tool to view the back of the rock 4.Hydrometer, thermometer, pH test kit Xenia and Clarkii

8. Methods- Data Collection -Mon, Tue, Wed, Thur, and Fri : Daily observations in tank 90. -Tuesday, and Thursday: Observations were taken on the C2 tank.

9. Data collection in tank 90 -Behavior changes -Location of the male and the female -Conditions within the tank -Algae Growth -Reproduction behavior before the addition of lunar lighting / after

10. Data collection in Tank C2 -Effects of artificial anemone -Behavior of male and female clarkii -Location of mated pair within the tank -Algae growth -Used mirror to see behind the rocks

11. Results Research Questions 1. Does the type of lighting affect the reproduction of A.clarkii and A.ocellaris? (moonlights encourage spawning.) 2. Are the A.ocellaris and the A.clarkii more likely to lay their eggs on a surface covered in algae, like the rock in the aquarium, or a clean surface like a tile? 3. Do environmental factors like water temperatures, water currents, pH, and lighting have an affect on the hatching of the clownfish eggs? (which would take place in a separate tank) 4. Do the Amphiprionclarkii breed less or more than the Amphiprionocellaris? 5. Does the Amphiprion ocellaris have different reproductive behaviors then the Amphiprion Clarkii?

12. Result Tank 90 3rd part of larvae reproduction 1st stage of larvae reproduction 4th stage of larvae reproduction The Scar 2nd stage of larvae reproduction

13. Result Tank 90 - Anemone Anemone protecting eggs

14. Results tank 90 Representation of data Reproduction Rate: Note: Turned on lunar lighting on 2/28

15. Data Chart for tank 90

16. Data for tank 90 -4 days of being orange -6 days dark gray but turning silver -1 day- completely silver- hatch that night March videos: March videos

17. Results in tank C2 -Artificial anemone effects: -Xenia -No signs of reproduction Xenia reacts to artificial anemone Algae bloom in tank

18. Discussion: Reflection of Hypothesis Support or Reject? The Amphiprion ocellaris clownfish breeds more often than the Amphiprion clarkii clownfish due to the effects of the addition of a flat and clean surface to spawn on, and the day and lunar lighting in tank 90 than in tank C2.

19. Challenges to research project Tank90 -Could not observe tank 24/7 -Presence of numerous organisms -Could not save any eggs Tank C2 -Hardly any changes in behavior -Set up of tank -Lack of organisms -Algae blooms -No lunar lighting in tank

20. How can we make this research more complete? /Future directions -Be present at night -Have the eggs easy to remove -Put mated pair in a secluded tank, to decrease threat -Put lunar lighting system on C2 rack -Put an anemone in tank c2

21. Application/ Value of results -Lunar lighting has a major impact in the reproduction cycle -The presence of an anemone provides protection for eggs and mated pair, increasing reproduction

22. Bibliography 1. "Aquarium Fish: Reproduction and rearing of ocellaris clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) in captivity." advanced aquarist. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. <__http://www.advancedaquarist.com/2007/2/fish>.__ 2. Breeding Clownfish. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <__http://www.breedclownfish.com/>.__ 3. Clownfishes and Sea Anemones. N.p.: Barron's, 1998. Print. Hoff, Frank H. Conditioning, Spawning, and Rearing of Fish with Emphasis on Marine Clownfish. 3rd ed. Dade City: Florida Aqua Farms, 2009. Print. 4 Kurtz, Jeff. Clownfishes and Other Damselfishes. Neptune City: TFH, 2010. Print. 5.Michael, Scott W., ed. Clownfish Breeding. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://www.fishchannel.com/saltwater-aquariums/species-info/clownfish/ breeding-clownfish-2.aspx>. 6. "Ocellaris Clownfish." The Home Aquarium. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <tp://www.thehomeaquarium.com/ocellaris-clownfish/>. 7. Stratton, Richard F. Clownfishes N.p: 2000 Print 8. Wilkerson, Joyce D. Clownfishes. Neptune City: T.F.H., 2001. Print.