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Effective Listening: Strategies and Barriers Explored

Discover valuable listening skills and learn how to overcome cultural, linguistic, and personal barriers to enhance your critical listening abilities. Improve comprehension and practice dialogical listening for effective communication. Explore different types of questions to enhance your listening skills further.

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Effective Listening: Strategies and Barriers Explored

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  1. AL AKHAWAYN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS STUDIES 4. Effective listening Lecture by Dr. Mohammed Ibahrine based on Clella Jaffe’s Public Speaking

  2. Effective listening • A good listener is a good speaker • Learn how to listen and you will prosper, even from those who talk badly • Be a selfish listener

  3. 1. Listening Skills are valuable • 1. Problem = Listening • 2. Strategies to improve (solve) (problem) listening

  4. 1. Listening Skills are valuable • Listening is the communication skill we use most and study least • Listening is hard work • Good speakers should develop good listening skills to make critical listening one of their most valuable assets

  5. 1. Listening Skills are valuable • Why should we develop good listening habits and skills? • 1. We listen most: because we listen so much, we will be more productive, if we do it well • 2. Good listening skills are good job skills • 3. Listening empowers people and aids social capital (relationship)

  6. 2. Barriers to Listening • The process of listening involves a number of difficulties • Cultural • Linguistic • personal

  7. 2.1 Cultural Barriers • A person, who is not aware of the cultural context, can not fully grasp the speaker’s cultural allusions, including historical, literary and religious sources (Joke) • The professional speaker should be sensitive to these differences and explain allusions or choose areas of common knowledge

  8. 2.2 Linguistic Barriers • The potential for linguistic misunderstandings is great because of • 1. Language differences • 2. Vocabulary Differences

  9. 2.2.1 Language differences • A shared language is vital for understanding • Interpretation (translations) is needed, if the listener does not understand (decode) the speaker’s language • Accents and dialects can hinder the listener's ability to distinguish the words he/she hears

  10. 2.2.2 Vocabulary Differences • If the speaker uses field-specific terminology (jargon?), the listener will not be able to understand the meaning of the words

  11. 2.3 Personal Barriers • A number of personal factors can hinder your listening • Physical factors • Physiological factors

  12. 2.3 Personal Barriers • Physical factors: • Hearing loss • Sleep deprivation • Hunger pangs • Can affect the ability of the listener to focus on the speech

  13. 2.3 Personal Barriers • Psychological factors: • Just had an argument with a friend • Have a test coming up in your next class • Your bank account is overdrawn • Can obstruct your listening

  14. 2.3 Personal Barriers • Stereotypes and prejudiced: • When you have a stereotypes, you listen to the speaker with pre-formed judgments, which may be either positive or negative

  15. 3. Strategies to improve Listening • How can we develop critical listening skills • 3.1 Use cultural and mental schemas to organize and understand message, because they follow a somewhat predictable patterns • 3.2 Identify listening goals • For each type of listening, you shift your strategies to face your listening goals more effectively

  16. 3.1 Improve your Comprehension • Comprehensive listening or listening to learn is a vital skill in many areas of life • Several techniques can help improve listening • Prepare in advance • Use attention directing strategies • Enhance the meaning • Look for organizational patterns • Use strategies that complete your personal learning style • Do not ignore the speaker’s manner

  17. 3.2 Improve your Critical Listening Skills • Critical listening implies that listeners should not believe everything they hear (examples) • Critical listening skills builds on comprehensive listening

  18. 4 Practice Dialogical Listening • 4.1. Give Appropriate Nonverbal Feedback • While listening to a public speech, you provide feedback, often nonverbal but sometimes verbal • Posture • Distance • Movements

  19. 4 Practice Dialogical Listening • 4.2 Give Appropriate Verbal Feedback • Verbal feedback is direct since you interact with the speaker • The listener should write his/her comments or questions in order to ask the speaker during the question-and-answer period

  20. 5. Different types of questions • 4.2.1 Loaded Questions • 4.2.2 Closed Questions • 4.2.3 Open questions • 4.2.4 Clarification Questions • 4.2.5 Requests for Elaboration • 4.2.6 Comments

  21. Improve your listening skills: • Identify your listening problems and work to correct them. • Motivate yourself to get everything you can out of messages. • Put problems and biases aside so that you can listen more effectively. • Control your reactions to trigger words and other distractions. • Postpone judgments until you have heard all a speaker has to say. • Don’t try to write down everything a speaker says. • Listen for the main ideas.

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