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War Tests the Greeks

War Tests the Greeks. In this lesson, students will identify characteristics of the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War. Students will be able to identify and/or define the following terms: Causes of the Persian Wars Effects of the Persian Wars Causes of the Peloponnesian War

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War Tests the Greeks

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  1. War Tests the Greeks In this lesson, students will identify characteristics of the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War. Students will be able to identify and/or define the following terms: Causes of the Persian Wars Effects of the Persian Wars Causes of the Peloponnesian War Effects of the Peloponnesian War

  2. The Persians built the largest empire in the world.

  3. The Persians and the Greeks • In 519 B.C., the Persians conquered a group of people called the Ionian Greeks. • The Ionian Greeks asked the mainland Greeks for help. • Athens aided Ionia • Persian emperor Darius was furious • Darius attacks Greece in 490 B.C.

  4. The Persians invaded the Greeks.

  5. Battle of Marathon • Because Athens aided the Ionian revolt Darius attacks Athens in 490 B.C. • The Persians heavily outnumbered the Athenians and had a very effective cavalry • Athenians chose the battle terrain • Marshes • Mountainous • Athens blocked off entrances in mountainous areas • Gave Athenians an advantage and defeated Persians who retreat back to Asia

  6. Look at the map! Can you see why the Athens had an advantage?

  7. The Persian Wars • Darius vows to return and destroy the entire area of Greece • Persian colonies in Egypt began to revolt • Delayed Persian return to Greece • Allowed Greece to reorganize • Darius dies • Xerxes takes over and vows to continue his father’s attack vs. Greece

  8. Persian also attacked Greece in the Battle of Salamis

  9. Thermopylae • Greek city-states had begun to unite • Group of Greeks sent to northern Greece to meet Xerxes and the Persian Army • Led by Spartan King Leonidas, Greeks held Persians in a small mountainous corridor called Thermopylae • Thermopylae= “The Hot Gates” • Greeks held Persians for 7 days, 3 days of battle

  10. Thermopylae • Greeks betrayed by local Greek Ephialtes • Told Persians of another “gate” through the mountains • Persians march around the Greeks and outflank them • Leonidas dismisses majority of his troops knowing he is being outflanked • Makes a last ditch effort to delay the Persians allowing the rest of his troops to reorganize • Persians eventually break through Thermopylae but are defeated in the overall war

  11. E. Napp

  12. The Alliance • After the Persian Wars, the Greek city-states created the Delian League • Athens was the head or leader of the Delian Alliance • Each city-state agreed to give money or ships to help defend all of Greece against Persian invasion. • However, Athens used the alliance money to rebuild Athens.

  13. The Peloponnesian War • Athens betrayed the trust of the alliance • Used money to rebuild Athens • Forced membership and tributes • Used Navy for its own purposes • The other Greek city-states declared war on Athens. • This war was called the Peloponnesian War.

  14. Peloponnesian War • Sparta • Corinth • Thebes • Athens • Argos • Thessaly • First Peloponnesian War; 460-446 B.C. • Second Peloponnesian War; 431-404 B.C. • Eventually won by Sparta • Led to weakness in all Greek city-states and invasion by Macedonia

  15. Summation of Wars • The Persian Wars strengthened the Greek city-states. • However, the Peloponnesian War weakened the Greek city-states. • Eventually led to invasion from Macedonia in late 300’s B.C. by Philip II

  16. Questions for Reflection: • Why did the Persians invade Greece? • Why did the Persian Wars strengthen the Greeks? • Define the Delian League. • Why did the Peloponnesian War begin? • Why did the Peloponnesian War weaken the Greeks?

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