Court Facilities in Justice Reform Projects

1. Court Facilities in Justice Reform Projects Justice Sector Reform 101 CourseNovember 11th and 12th, 2010 Klaus Decker, Public Sector Management Specialist, ECSPE Gerald Thacker, World Bank Consultant

2. Court Facilities in Justice Reform Projects Overview • Rationale for court facility components in justice reform projects • Issues at identification and preparation stage • Issues at implementation stage • Issues at evaluation stage • Some criticism

3. Rationale for Court Facility Components Why are court facility components part of World Bank justice reform projects?

4. Rationale for Court Facility Components Because they are necessary to achieve Project Development Objectives, such as… • Improving access to justice • Increasing efficiency • Reducing court delay • Enhancing quality of service delivery • Reducing corruption in the courts • Etc.

5. Rationale for Court Facility Components • Just a Tool – Part of Overall Reforms • IT • Training • Human Resources • Case Management • Court organization/administration • Budgeting and financial management • Facilities • Supports Project Development Objective and should be tied directly to it —not a project goal itself

6. Identification and Preparation What are issues to consider at identification and preparation stage when it comes to court facilities?

7. Identification and Preparation Fundamental Question: To build or not to build? • Construction is the last choice NOT the first • May need to dissuade clients who look first to Bank loans for buildings • Before building should consider: • Operational changes • Technology • Facilities alternatives

8. Identification and Preparation A court facility component has inevitable implications… • Long lead time • Relative expense • More “elaborate” procurement procedures • Intensive supervision for client and World Bank

9. Identification and Preparation Facility component options: • Renovate and expand existing courthouse • Renovate existing facilities and construct new satellite courthouse • Build an all-new facility • Examine site alternatives

10. Identification and Preparation Other issues to focus on: • Assess condition of facilities to support reforms • Ability of court/government to implement facilities component • Current resource allocation and capital budget process • Estimate of costs (assumptions and future scenarios) • Timeframes • Support for on-going maintenance and operations

11. Identification and Preparation Typical challenges with existing facilities: • Crumbling structures • Outdated and non-functioning building systems • Poor maintenance • Lack of sufficient space for: • Courtrooms • Public areas • Records storage • Secured areas for defendants in custody • Intermingled circulation pathways

12. Building Conditions: Crumbling Structures

13. Building Conditions:Lack of Filing and Storage Space

14. Filing and Storage Improvements

15. Building Conditions:Lack of Basic Spaces

16. The Unexpected

17. Identification and Preparation Timeframes… • Up to 2000 M2 : 9 to 14 months • 2 to 3 months to develop scope of work and contract for design • 3 months to design • 2 months to contract for construction • 6 months to construct • 10,000 M2 and up: 3 to 5 years • 3 to 6 months to develop scope of work and contract for design • 6 months to design • 3 months to contract for construction • 24 to 36 months to construct

19. Identification and Preparation • Successful techniques • Limit major new construction • Design Build • Pattern designs • Multiple construction awards • Projects can’t always proceed concurrently • Limits of courts; of design; of construction • Availability of construction materials • Weather • Topography

20. Identification and Preparation Some guidance on costs… • Issues and scenarios • Inflation of construction costs & exchange rates • Construction market – competition for building • Capacity of construction/design markets • Recent WB funded projects • New Construction = $600 to $1000 per square meter • Renovations = $450 to $600 per square meter

21. The Cost of Facilities Source: IFMA

22. Identification and Preparation Ideally, you end up with a comprehensive courthouse program… • Functional assessment/profile • Design guide • Document current conditions • Long range facility plans • Multi-year capital plan (prioritization) • Yearly revisions to long range facility plans and capital plan • On-going maintenance and oversight

23. Implementation and Supervision What are issues to consider at implementation and supervision stage when it comes to court facilities components?

24. Implementation: Initial Phase • Develop staffing requirements • Develop space standards • Assess existing facilities • Examine operational alternatives • Examine facility alternatives Initial Phase

25. Implementation: Initial Phase Staffing requirements • Analyze current workload • Forecast future workload • Evaluate current number of staff positions • Forecast future staff positions Initial Phase

26. Implementation: Initial Phase Space standards • New courthouses in other countries • NCSC design guide • Design guides from • US Federal Courts • UK • Ireland • Macedonia • Romania • Develop customized standards Initial Phase

27. Implementation: Initial Phase Assess existing facilities • Building location, size and configuration • Potential for adaptation and expansion • Code compliance • Structural, mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems condition • Life expectancy • Courthouse security • ADA requirements • Energy efficiency • Parking • Image/aesthetics Initial Phase

28. Implementation: Initial Phase Facility alternatives • Renovate and expand existing courthouse • Renovate existing facilities and construct new satellite courthouse • Build an all-new facility • Develop project phasing plan • Develop long-range strategic plan • Examine site alternatives Initial Phase

29. Supervision • Task team composition • Technical specialist • Environmental specialist • Safeguards • Proactive in procurement • Time and travel – site visits • Reporting • Tracking tables • Quality assessments

30. Evaluation How do you evaluate court facility components as part of World Bank justice reform projects?

31. Evaluation • Tied to project development objective • Impact evaluation the same • Court user surveys • Setting benchmarks • Evaluate outputs • On time/on budget • Quality of work • Quantity of new space • Modern design

32. Simple to OrnateOld to New

33. San Luis Indigenous Court

34. San Jose JP Court

35. Office Interior Libertidad

36. Azerbaijan Courthouse Designs

37. Azerbaijan Courthouse Interiors

38. Some criticism So what do you think is there to be criticized when it comes to having court facility components in World Bank justice reform projects?

39. Some criticism Why is there an infrastructure component in a public sector project? • Client’s request Borrow for buildings rather than technical assistance Brick and mortar rather than change • Staff incentives Increases project volume Suspicion: supply driven, easy to implement, not politically challenging

40. Some Useful Websites • Use and impact of technologies in the legal system • Courtroom21 Technology Project at the College of William and Mary www.courtroom21.net • Functional Design • International Centre for Facilities www.icf-cebe.com • Standards, reference documents, etc. • Whole Building Design Guide www.wbdg.org • The National Center for State Courts www.ncsconline.org • Americans with Disabilities Act www.ada.gov • US Federal Courts www.uscourts.gov

41. Thank you!