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CHAPTER EIGHT

Explore the diverse geography, provinces, and cultures of Canada, from the rugged mountains of the Atlantic Provinces to the rolling wheat fields of the Prairie Provinces. Learn about the conflicts and multicultural society that make up this fascinating country.

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CHAPTER EIGHT

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  1. CHAPTER EIGHT CANADA

  2. A. Atlantic Provinces • Province: Political division in Canada(similar to a state) • Newfoundland • Prince Edward Island • NovaScotia • New Brunswick

  3. B. Geography • Northernmost part of the Appalachian Mountain Chain • Deciduous forests • Rugged Mountains • Thousands of lakes • Thin rocky soil • What may have caused this type of surface?

  4. C. Maritime Provinces • Anothername for the Atlantic Provinces • Maritime: Bordering the ocean • Hundreds of bays and inlets • Provides access to fishing • Most people live on the coast • Economic Activities: • Fishing • Farming • Lumbering

  5. 4. THE GRAND BANKS • World’s richest fishing area • Lobster • Herring • Scallops • Over-fishing: Takingfish faster than they can reproduce • Lowered fish population • Fewer fishing boatsgo out • Fewer fishermen have jobs • New industries:Tourism & Oil

  6. D. ONTARIO & QUEBEC • The heartlandof Canada • Three Different Landscapes • Canadian Shield: Mostly exposed bedrock with some forests • Almost uninhabited (no people) • Hudson Bay Lowlands: • Flat, swampy region between the CanadianShield and The Hudson Bay • St. Lawrence Lowlands: • Rich soil& relatively mild climate • 60% of Canada’s population lives here

  7. E. ONTARIO • Most important resource, their system of waterways: • Great Lakes • St. Lawrence Seaway • Lock: Enclosed part of a canal where ships are raised or lowered • Second: Rich, fertile soil (Farming) • Third: Manufacturing

  8. F. Quebec • Canada’s largestProvince (Not territory) • Most is covered by the Canadian Shield • Some farming and mining along the St. Lawrence River. • Many Quebec's people work in factories or service jobs. • FRENCHis the dominantlanguage

  9. G. Prairie Provinces • Manitoba • Alberta • Saskatchewan • Rolling wheat-fields • Semiarid, • Short, hot summers and long,Cold winters. • Clear cold lakes (The ice just melted) • Cities: • Largest cities are along the RxR routes WHY????

  10. ECONOMY • Most of Canada’s grains and beef • Wheat is the major crop • Recently, large deposits of oil and natural gas have been discovered in Alberta • This has “fueled” the rapid growth of Alberta's two largest cities • Edmonton • Calgary

  11. I. BRITISH COLUMBIA • Almost entirely enclosed in mountains! • Rich in minerals, forests and fishing • One of the richest provinces in Canada! • Population has grown due to: • Warm climate • Beautiful scenery

  12. 5. Vancouver: • Largest city in the province • Major seaport on the Pacific Ocean • Importance has increased as trade with Asia has increased • Strong economic ties with U.S.

  13. J. NORTHERN TERRITORIES • Yukon Territory • Northwest Territory • NunavutTerritory • 40% of Canadian land area • Only 1% of Canada’s population • Almost all live along the Mackenzie River

  14. K. NUNAVUT • Newest Territory of Canada • April 1, 1999 • Formerly, part of Northwest Territory • Mostly populated by Inuit • Only 1% of the population • Capital: Iqualuit • Place where the fish are

  15. L. Inuit • Means, “The People” • We call them Eskimos • At one time they hunted with dog-sleds and spears. • Now they hunt with snowmobiles and rifles

  16. M. NATIONAL IDENTITY • Canadians don’t consider themselves Canadians • French Canadians • British Canadians • Inuit (Eskimo) • Native Americans

  17. N. BRIEF HISTORY • First Canadians: • Inuit and Native Americans • Probably came across a land-bridge which in now the Bering Straight • Inuit mostly live in the colder North • Native Americans mostly live near the Great Lakes and Pacific Ocean.

  18. O. The Colonial Wars • Francev.England • Four wars lasted from 1689 to 1763 • Battle of Quebec: British soundly defeated the French • France surrendered all of its claims to Canada

  19. P. PART OF ENGLAND • For over 100 years, Canada was under direct control of England • In 1867, Canada was given partialfreedom from England • In 1931, Canada became an independent country • However, Canada’s symbolic ruler is still the English king/queen

  20. Q. CONFLICTING CULTURES • When England took control of Canada, 70,000 French colonists lived there. • England promised (in return for French cooperation), that they could keep their language, customs and laws. • With English as the dominant language, French-Canadians feel that they are discriminated against in jobs and society

  21. Q. CONFLICTING CULTURES • Discrimination: Judging people based on race or religion • Many French-Canadians are calling for Separatism (Secede). • Separatism: a group seeking political separation. • Secede: To leavea political union

  22. R. MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY • Canada is made-up of many groups of peoples • Inuit, Native Americans, French and English • Canada allows refugees from many parts of the world to immigrate. • Many peoples from Asia have settled in British Columbia

  23. S. Uniting Canada • Communication: • Most all remote regions have telecommunication capacity • Radio • Satellite Phone • Transportation: • Some Highways • Many Railroads

  24. T. Canadian Resources • Canada has many resources • However, the harsh environment makes it hard to get to these resources • Many Canadians feel that they must not harm the land to get at these resources

  25. U. CANADA & U.S. • Longest undefended border in the world, more than 5,000 miles • Customs are NOT charged between countries. • Customs: Taxes charged by one country on stuff people bring into another country

  26. U. CANADA & U. S. • CULTURAL LINKS • Most Canadians live close to the U. S. border • Watch our TV programs • Listen to our radio stations • Shopping is just a short drive across the border • Many Canadians cross to get medical attention • Some Professional sports teams • Baseball Hockey

  27. V. Economic Links • Canada and the U.S. are very closely tied economically • Canada buys nearly 23% of everything the U.S. exports • The U.S. buys nearly 87% of everything Canada exports

  28. V. Economic Links 2. N.A.F.T.A. North American Free Trade Agreement • Eliminated tariffs between Canada, Mexico & U.S. • Tariff: Taxes charged when one country sells stuff in another country.

  29. W. An Uneven Relationship • Some Canadians feel that they are too influenced by U.S. • Since what the U.S. does often affects Canada, Canadians often follow events in the U.S. • How much do you know about Canada? What is the latest news?

  30. X. Links with the World • Canada is a middle-power • Middle-power countries join with other countries to do something • Important Location: • Major ports on both the Atlantic and Pacific allows trade with Europe & Asia • Commonwealth of Nations • Formerly English colonies • Work together to promote trade

  31. Reach For A Star Productions John P. Lukewww.mrluke.net

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