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Developmental Psychology

Developmental Psychology. Chapter 2. Theories. What Dangers Usefulness Ability to generate predictions Heuristic Value – further thought Practical Value Explain basic development. Psychoanalytic - Freud.

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Developmental Psychology

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  1. Developmental Psychology Chapter 2

  2. Theories • What • Dangers • Usefulness • Ability to generate predictions • Heuristic Value – further thought • Practical Value • Explain basic development

  3. Psychoanalytic - Freud • Changes in development occur due to the influence of _______ drives and emotions on ___________. • Libido • Psychosexual stages • Personality has 3 parts • Cognitive Dissonance

  4. Psychoanalytic - Erikson • Change due to internal drives and cultural demands • Continues throughout the lifespan • Trust v. Mistrust 0-1 • Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt 1-3 • Initiative v. Guilt 3-6 Problems?

  5. Humanistic Theories - Maslow • Most important drive is each individual’s motivation to achieve ________________. • Hierarchy of Needs • What’s missing?

  6. Self-Actualization Esteem Love & Belonging Safety Physiological

  7. Learning Theories - Skinner • Developmental changes result from an accumulation of __________________. • Classical Conditioning - Pavlov • Operant Conditioning – Skinner • Punishment • Reinforcement • Extinction • Shaping • Social Cognitive – Bandura • Observational Learning • Intrinsic Reinforcement • Problems?

  8. Cognitive Theories - Piaget • Emphasizes mental aspects of development such as logic and memory • Cognitive Developmental • Scheme/Schema • Assimilation • Accomodation • Logical Thought develops through 4 stages • Sensorimotor 0 – 18 mo • Preoperational 18mo – 6 year • Concrete Operational 6 – 12 • Formal Operational 12+

  9. Biological Theories • Attempt to link physical and developmental processes. • Nativism – view that humans possess unique genetic traits that will be evidenced in all members of a species regardless of environment. (Universal) • Ethology – emphasizes genetically determined survival behaviors.

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