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Newton’s Laws and Motion

This article explains Newton's Laws of Motion and the four types of friction, including examples and practice questions. It also covers concepts like air resistance, gravity, inertia, kinetic energy, momentum, and displacement.

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Newton’s Laws and Motion

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  1. Newton’s Laws and Motion

  2. 3 Laws of Motion • 1st Law– An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. • 2nd Law – Force equals mass times acceleration. • 3rd Law – For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

  3. 4 Types of Friction • There are four main types of friction: • Sliding friction: ice skating • Rolling friction: bowling • Fluid friction (air or liquid): air or water resistance • Static friction: initial friction when moving an object

  4. 2nd Law Formula • How much force is needed to accelerate a 1400 kilogram car 2 meters per second/per second? 1. Write the formula • F = m x a 2. Fill in given numbers • F = 1400 x 2 3. Solve for the unknown • 2800 N

  5. 2nd Law Practice • 1. What acceleration will result when a 12 N net force is applied to a 3 kg object? A 6 kg object? • 2. A net force of 16 N causes a mass to accelerate at a rate of 5 m/s2. Determine the mass. • 3. How much force is needed to accelerate a 66 kg skier 1 m/sec/sec? • 4. What is the force on a 1000 kg elevator that is falling freely at 9.8 m/sec/sec?

  6. 2nd Law Practice Answers • 1. What acceleration will result when a 12 N net force applied to a 3 kg object? 12 N = 3 kg x 4 m/s/s • 2. A net force of 16 N causes a mass to accelerate at a rate of 5 m/s2. Determine the mass. 16 N = 3.2 kg x 5 m/s/s • 3. How much force is needed to accelerate a 66 kg skier 1 m/sec/sec? 66 kg-m/sec/sec or 66 N • 4. What is the force on a 1000 kg elevator that is falling freely at 9.8 m/sec/sec? • 9800 kg-m/sec/sec or 9800 N

  7. ALL NOTES TO THIS POINT ARE FOR THE QUIZ

  8. Air resistance- fluid friction acting on an object moving through air • Gravity- force that exists between any two objects that have mass, attracting or pulling them together

  9. Friction- force that opposes motion, or resistance, caused when two surfaces touch or rub together • Inertia- tendency of a still or moving object to resist a change in its motion • Kinetic energy- energy an object has due to its motion

  10. Velocity- rate at which an object moves in a certain direction • Mass- amount of matter in an object • Force- push or pull that acts on an object, causing it to move, change speed or direction, or to stop moving

  11. Potential energy- energy that is stored, available as a result of an object’s position or condition • Newton- unit of force • Momentum- property of matter due to its mass and velocity

  12. Motion- the process of changing from one position, or place, to another. • Displacement- describes both how far an object moved from its original position and in what direction it moved.

  13. Example of displacement: • A runner follows a path through a park and goes 3 kilometers north, turns right, and travels 4 kilometers east. The total distance traveled is 7 kilometers, but her final position is only 5 kilometers northeast of her starting point. So her displacement is 5 kilometers northeast.

  14. Law of conservation of momentum: • momentum= mass x velocity • Momentum of an object does not change unless its mass changes, its velocity changes, or both change • If there is no outside force acting, momentum will not change

  15. Free fall- when gravity alone is acting on an object • Astronauts experience this in their aircraft

  16. Finding speed • Speed = distance / time • Example: A cruise ship travels 1,000 km in 25 hours. Their average speed is 1000/25= 40 km per hour

  17. Net force- the force that results from all the combined forces acting on an object • Balanced force- forces that completely cancel each other out • Example- You are holding a piece of pizza. The force of gravity pulling it down is equal to the amount of force your hand is providing to hold it up.

  18. Unbalanced force-when forces act on each other and do not cancel out • Example- The game of tug of war. When one team pulls harder, the force is unbalanced and the opposing team starts to move.

  19. Examples • DISPLACEMENT EXAMPLE • A robot went 20 feet south, 20 feet west, and 20 feet north. • AVERAGE SPEED EXAMPLE • Mr. Robot travels 500 feet in 2 minutes. What is his average speed?

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