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The 1920s…. Political Social/Cultural Economic

The 1920s…. Political Social/Cultural Economic. The 1920s…. Political Birth of Progressive Party Rights movements Commonwealth replaces Empire King-Byng Affair. Progressive Party. The 1920s…. Political. Western Party Farmer’s rights Don’t believe in hierarchy Free votes in Commons

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The 1920s…. Political Social/Cultural Economic

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  1. The 1920s…. • Political • Social/Cultural • Economic

  2. The 1920s….Political • Birth of Progressive Party • Rights movements • Commonwealth replaces Empire • King-Byng Affair

  3. Progressive Party The 1920s….Political • Western Party • Farmer’s rights • Don’t believe in hierarchy • Free votes in Commons • Ended up splitting – one part with Liberals – the other part became the Progressive Conservatives:

  4. Rights Movements The 1920s….Political • Suffrage • Women’s right to vote • Aboriginal right to vote • Labour • Winnipeg General Strike

  5. The 1920s….Political Statute of Westminster 1931 -Equality • Formal independence for colonies • British Parliament can no longer pass an act that has effect in the dominions without consent - disallowance • Canada has its own Supreme Court (1949) • Last major change until 1982

  6. King-Byng Affair • Why is K-B Historically Significant? • Revealing (enduring /emerging issues) • Remembered • Consequences The 1920s….Political

  7. The 1920s….Political

  8. The 1920s….Political • A conversation about the role of Governor General is really a conversation about…. • Elected vs. unelected power • GG • Senate • Constitutional monarchy vs. Republic • If not Queen/King of England as Head of State, then what?

  9. The 1920s….Social/Cultural • Art and Religion • French Canada • Social Safety Net- Pensions

  10. Religion The 1920s….Social/Cultural • Presbyterians, Methodists, Congregationalists become the United Church of Canada • Religion and Immigration • Religion and Prohibition • Protestantism vs. Catholicism • Loss of faith

  11. The 1920s….Social/Cultural Art • Canadian Art flourishing: - Group of Seven in Toronto, some were war artists – celebrated Canadian wilderness • Emily Carr in B.C.

  12. Group of Seven

  13. Emily Carr

  14. French Canada The 1920s….Social/Cultural • Dominated by English Business • Les Canadiens isolated and rural - kept this way by church and politicians to protect culture

  15. The 1920s….Social/Cultural • Pensions • Improvements in health care and living standards mean population is living longer, but, living longer without income. • 1924- Committee produces draft bill and a legal opinion that this issue was ultra vires for the Federal Government (property and civil rights) • 1925- Mixed results election- power of opposition in minority/coalition governments • Labour, Progressives and Liberals draft bill, passes easily in HOC • Senate resists, refuses to pass. • 1926 election- Pension a ballot box question, Liberals win, Pension Plan passes HOC and Senate.

  16. The 1920s….Social/Cultural • Pensions • Qualifications (1920s): • British Subjects • Over age of 70 • Lived in Canada for 20 years • Lived in applicant province for past 5 years • Means test (<$365/year) • Title transferred to Pension Authority • Women- only if a widow • Aboriginals- none • Modern Canada Pension Plan

  17. Economics The 1920s….Economic • Mass consumption • Credit/advertising • Mass production • Assembly Line (Henry Ford) • War industry producing commercial goods • Mass credit • Buying on margin in the stock market • Mass media • Urbanization • Tariffs

  18. The 1920s….Economic • Closed Empire • British investment dries up because of wartime debt • American Branch Plant set up in Canada to sell to Empire South Africa India United States Canada Britain New Zealand Australia

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