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Cold War 1945 - 1991. technological. D emocracy. capitalism. economic. cultural. Ideologies. C ommunism. medical. command. WWII. war. political. hot. cold. Berlin Wall. Balance of Power / International. social. Bi-polar. Sports. Cold War 1945 - 1991. Oil. Warsaw. NATO.
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technological Democracy capitalism economic cultural Ideologies Communism medical command WWII war political hot cold Berlin Wall Balance of Power / International social Bi-polar Sports Cold War 1945 - 1991 Oil Warsaw NATO Terrorism ICBM Arms Race Computers nuclear atomic CIA KGB Music Space Race 80’s NASA - Astronaut 70’s Proxy Wars Espionage 60’s Soviet -Cosmonaut “20” spies 40’s 50’s Intelligence Sources Decolonization
Results/Influences following World War II… • Political – Fascism destroyed; democracy vs. communism struggle for control • Cultural/social – Europe in ruins and divided loyalties; 50+ million dead; cultures/society in distress • Economic – Allies attempt to resolve destroyed European economies; capitalism vs. command; debts • Technological – stealing of valuable inventions/innovations • Medical – new concepts/procedures
U S A U S SR
Ideological struggle resulting after the end of World War II… United States and Western Democracies Soviet Union (USSR) and Eastern Block Nations Spread world-wide communism • “Containment” of communism • Eventual collapse of the communist world Methodologies – 1. Espionage (CIA vs. KGB) 2. Arms Race (nuclear escalation) 3. Ideological competition for the hearts and minds of Third World Peoples; “proxy wars” 4. Bi-polarization of Europe (NATO vs. Warsaw Pact)
Concept of “containment” towards communism… • Restoration of a balance of power • Promote self-confidence in nations threatened by Soviets (Truman Doctrine); long-term economic help (Marshall Plan) • Reduction of Soviet power on international stage • Exploitation of communist tensions/expansion; cooperation with communist regimes • Modify Soviet international relations • Negotiate differences; “carrots and sticks” policy for Germany and USSR
Berlin Airlift 1948-49
What makes the Soviet threat unique in history is its all-inclusiveness. Every human activity is pressed into service as a weapon of expansion. Trade, economic development, military power, arts, science, education, the whole world of ideas.... The Soviets are, in short, waging total cold war. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1958
Differences in the Cold War… United States Soviet Union (USSR) Communist Gov’t Command Economy Government control Limited choice/elimination of competition Government ownership Allies • Democratic Gov’t • Capitalist Economy • Free-enterprise • Variety and competition • Private ownership • Allies
http://www.gensuikin.org/english/photo.html http://www.museumofworldwarii.com/TourText/Area16a_AtomicBomb_new.htm
Cold War: A Brief History • The Beginnings of the “Nuclear” Cold War • …following World War II, the United Nations met in January 1946, and created the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission; the goal was to eliminate all weapons of mass destruction, including the atomic bomb. • …first policy on the control of atomic energy was The Report On The International Control Of Atomic Energy, or the "Acheson-Lilienthal" Report, in March 1946. • …the U.S. proposed to the United Nations an international ban on nuclear material; it called for the establishment of an international authority to control potentially dangerous atomic activities and carry out inspections. • …The Soviets rejected this ban proposal, which would have left the United States with a decisive nuclear superiority until the details of the Plan could be worked out and would have stopped the Soviet nuclear program. The Soviets responded by calling for universal nuclear disarmament. • … In 1946, the United States conducted the world's first postwar nuclear test. • …Meanwhile, the control of the U.S. atomic efforts transferred from military control to civilian. The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 established the Atomic Energy Commission which controlled all aspects of nuclear power.
