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Mineral & Vitamin Supplementation for Beef Cattle on pasture. Cost of Correcting Deficiencies. Why determine mineral & vitamin inadequacies, interactions , and toxicities?. Cellular level Act as co-factors, co-enzymes metabolic processes Structural component (bones/teeth) Nerve impulses
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Why determine mineral & vitamin inadequacies, interactions , and toxicities? • Cellular level • Act as co-factors, co-enzymes metabolic processes • Structural component (bones/teeth) • Nerve impulses • Osmotic balance • Co-transporters
Why determine mineral & vitamin inadequacies, interactions , and toxicities? • Economic Level • Reduced reproductive performance • Reduced growth rate • Suppressed immune function • Nutritional disorders • Milk fever • Grass tetany • PEM • White muscle disease • Goiter
Variation in mineral content of forages • Soil type,pH, soil nutrients • Seasonal variation • Spring season – cool season forages – Mg deficiency • Type forage • Ca: Legumes > grasses • Plant stage of maturity
Mineral Interactions Also Play A Role in Deficiencies. Calcium - Phosphorus Copper – Sulfur – Molybdenum Copper – Iron Copper - Zinc
Other minerals of importance • Iodine • Cobalt • Molybdenum