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THE SEVENTEENTH AND EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES

THE SEVENTEENTH AND EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES. NATIVE AMERICANS IN PRE-COLUMBIAN NORTH AMERICA. Between 1 million and 5 million Native Americans lived in modern Canada and the United States. North America.

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THE SEVENTEENTH AND EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES

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  1. THE SEVENTEENTH AND EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES

  2. NATIVE AMERICANS IN PRE-COLUMBIAN NORTH AMERICA

  3. Between 1 million and 5 million Native Americans lived in modern Canada and the United States

  4. North America • Native Americans lived in semi-permanent settlements each with a small population of no more than 300. Men made tools and hunted. Women grew crops such as beans, corn and tobacco. • Other tribes were more nomadic such as the Great Plains Tribes

  5. North America • A few tribes developed more complex cultures – Pueblos in SW – irrigation and multistoried buildings • Iroquois – NE (NY) formed political confederacy .

  6. Central and South America • 25M300-800 – Mayas Yucatan Pen. • Aztecs – Central Am. - Tenochtitlan • Incas Peru • Trade, calendars, organized societies

  7. Tribes were independent of each other and often competed for the same natural resources

  8. Difficult to unite against Europeans

  9. THE EARLY COLONIAL ERA: SPAIN COLONIZES THE NEW WORLD

  10. Columbus returned to Spain and reported the existence of a rich New World with easy-to-subjugate natives

  11. During the next century, Spain was the colonial power

  12. Advanced weaponry and incredible ruthlessness of the conquistadors

  13. Spanish Armada made it difficult for other countries to send their own expeditions.

  14. conquistadors enslaved the natives and attempted to erase their culture and supplant it with Catholicism

  15. Europeans were "carriers" of small pox

  16. Competition - Exploration • Expanding trade to India Africa and China • Developing Nation States – 15th century • Monarchs of emerging nation states depended on trade

  17. THE ENGLISH ARRIVE

  18. The “Lost Colony”

  19. Sir Walter Raleigh sponsored a settlement on Roanoke Island

  20. By 1590 the colony had disappeared

  21. In 1606 they settled Jamestown

  22. joint-stock company: a group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the king

  23. company was called the Virginia Company

  24. English gentlemen, were ill-suited to the many adjustments life in the New World required

  25. Captain John Smith imposed harsh martial law

  26. "He who will not work shall not eat."

  27. During the starving time of 1609 and 1610, some resorted to cannibalism

  28. Powhatan Confederacy taught the English what crops to plant and how to plant them

  29. 1614, Pocahontas, the daughter of the chief, married planter John Rolfe

  30. English forgot their debt to the Powhatan as soon as they needed more land

  31. Powhatan Confederacy was destroyed by English in 1644.

  32. John Rolfe introduced the cash crop of tobacco

  33. Indians showed him how

  34. Tobacco’s success largely determined the fate of the Virginia region

  35. Area came to be known as the Chesapeake (named after the bay)

  36. Why emigrate?

  37. Overpopulation in England had led to widespread famine, disease, and poverty

  38. Opportunity provided by indentured servitude

  39. Indentured servants received a small piece of property with their freedom, thus enabling them (1) to survive, and (2) to vote

  40. In 1619 Virginia established the House of Burgesses, in which any property-holding, white male could vote

  41. THE PILGRIMS AND THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COMPANY

  42. Protestant movement called Puritanism arose in England

  43. Wanted to purify the corrupt Anglican Church

  44. One Puritan group called Separatists left England and went to Holland

  45. In 1620 they set sail for Virginia Mayflower, went off course and they landed in modern-day Massachusetts

  46. Mayflower Compact created a legal authority and an assembly. It asserted that the government's power derives from the consent of the governed

  47. Pilgrims received life-saving assistance from local Native Americans

  48. 1629: a larger and more powerful colony called Massachusetts Bay was established by Congregationalists (Puritans who wanted to reform the Anglican church from within )

  49. Separatists and the Congregationalists did not tolerate religious freedom in their colonies, even though both had experienced and fled religious persecution.

  50. Roger Williams, a teacher in the Salem Bay settlement, taught that church and state should be separate Puritans banished Williams

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