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Learn effective techniques for identifying hazards, understand hazards vs. unsafe behavior, and prioritize job hazard analysis to ensure a safe work environment. Discover common workplace hazards and involve employees in hazard identification.
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Worksite Hazard Analysis Presented By: Thomas Dean Georgia Tech
Objectives • Discuss the sub elements of worksite hazard analysis • Identify typical hazards in the workplace • Review various techniques that can be used to identify hazards in the workplace
Hazards Vs. Unsafe Behavior • Unsafe behavior sometimes leads to unsafe conditions that can cause accidents. • Consider Maintenance Operations • Unsafe behaviors may show weakness in the safety management system.
Effective Worksite Analysis • Worksite analysis involves a variety of worksite examinations, to identify not only existing hazards, but also conditions and operations where changes might occur to create hazards • Effective management actively analyzes the work and the worksite to anticipate and prevent harmful occurrences
Plan for Worksite Analysis • Comprehensive Facility Surveys • Change Analysis • Routine Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) • Periodic and Daily Inspections
Comprehensive Survey • Comprehensive surveys should be performed depending on the business size and hazardousness every 1-3 years • Resources for comprehensive survey: private consultants, insurance company, and state funded programs
Change Analysis • Change analysis is simply the management of change in the work environment. • Changes in the following items need to be reviewed: • Facilities • Materials • Process Technology • Equipment
Change Analysis • A competent team consisting of managers, engineers, superintendents and employees should be involved • How can you best manage change in the work environment?
Job Hazard Analysis • A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. • It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment. • After uncontrolled hazards are identified, take action to eliminate them or reduce risk.
Job Hazard Analysis • Performing a job hazard analysis is one of the best methods to develop safe work procedures for the equipment that is operated. • The JHA can also be used to train employees in the hazards associated with task and what control measures should be practiced.
JHA Team • A Job Hazard Analysis requires the cooperation of all parties involved that includes: • Safety Professional • Engineers-Technical Advisor • Supervisors-Frontline Personnel responsible for making change • Employee-Person most familiar with job
Communication of the JHA • Safety Meetings • Distribution of Copies • SOP and Operations Manual • What are some other methods? • ___________________ • ___________________
What are the Possible Uses of a JHA • 1._________________________ • 2._________________________ • 3._________________________
Jobs with the highest injury and illness rates Jobs that have the potential to cause serious injury Jobs in which one simple human error could cause injury Jobs complex enough to have written instructions Jobs that are new to you facility Jobs that significantly had changes in process technology or procedures Prioritization of JHA
Involve Employees Review accident history Conduct preliminary job review List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs Outline the steps or tasks Steps for JHA
Involvement of Employees • They have a unique understanding of the job, and this knowledge is invaluable for finding hazards. • Involving employees will help minimize oversights, ensure a quality analysis. • Get workers to “buy in” to the solutions because they will share ownership
Job Review • Discuss with employees the hazards that they know exist. • Brainstorm with them for ideas to eliminate or control those hazards. • If any hazards exist that pose an immediate danger, to an employee’s life or health, take immediate action to protect the worker. • Any problems that can be corrected easily should be corrected as soon as possible.
Outline the Steps • Watch the employee perform the job and list each step as the worker takes it. • Be sure to record enough information to describe each job action without getting overly detailed. • Avoid making the breakdown of steps so detailed that it becomes unnecessarily long or so broad that it does not include basic steps.
Outline the Steps • Review the job steps with the employee to make sure you have not omitted something. • Include the employee in all phases of the analysis—from reviewing the job steps and procedures to discussing uncontrolled hazards and recommended solutions.
Identifying the Hazards • A job hazard analysis is an exercise in detective work. Your goal is to discover the following: • What can go wrong? • What are the consequences? • How could it arise? • What are other contributing factors? • How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
Hazard Identification Workshop • Based on the following slides of machinery, identify the potential hazards. • Hint: Use the previous tables and analyze the machinery and work environment • Prepare to discuss your findings.
Controlling the Hazards • The order of precedence and effectiveness of hazard control is the following: • 1. Engineering controls. • 2. Administrative controls. • 3. Personal protective equipment.
Controlling the Hazards • The most effective controls are engineering controls that physically change a machine or work environment to prevent employee exposure to the hazard. • The more reliable or less likely a hazard control can be circumvented, the better. • If this is not feasible, administrative controls may be appropriate. • This may involve changing how employees do their jobs.
Controlling the Hazards • Discuss your recommendations with all employees who perform the job and consider their responses carefully. • If you plan to introduce new or modified job procedures, be sure they understand what they are required to do and the reasons for the changes.
Engineering Controls • Engineering controls include the following: • Elimination/minimization of the hazard • Substitution of equipment or process to decrease hazard • Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, machine guards, blast shields, or other means; and • Removal or redirection of the hazard such as with local and exhaust ventilation.
Administrative Controls • Administrative controls include the following: • Written operating procedures, work permits, and safe work practices; • Exposure time limitations (used most commonly to control heat stress and ergonomic hazards); • Monitoring the use of highly hazardous materials; • Alarms, signs, and warnings; • Buddy system; and training
PPE • Personal Protective Equipment is acceptable as a control method in the following circumstances: • When engineering controls are not feasible or do not totally eliminate the hazard; • While engineering controls are being developed; • When safe work practices do not provide sufficient additional protection; and • During emergencies when engineering controls may not be feasible.
JHA Exercise • We are going to perform an exercise on grinding metal casting. • Based on the steps, please identify the hazards and controls.
Reviewing job hazard analysis ensures that it remains current and continues to prevent accidents and injuries. It is possible that during the review process you will identify hazards that were not identified in the initial analysis. Review the JHA after accidents, you may determine that you need to change the job procedure to prevent similar incidents. Review after all close calls and discuss the situation with all employees that do the job. Periodic Review of JHA
Safety and Health Inspections • Cover entire worksite • Regular intervals • Inspectors trained • Hazards tracked to correction
Objectives for Inspections • There may be many objectives to the inspection process: • Meet OSHA or other legal responsibility • Involve the team • Identify areas of undue risk and control hazards • Identify and develop positive attitudes • Suggest better methods of doing job
Inspections • OSHA recommends that you perform general workplace inspections. • Check the standard so that you know what must be inspected. • What are some examples of items that must be inspected?
Employee Involvement • What are some reasons for involving employees in the process? • Demonstrate commitment to safety • Allow them to become familiar with the process safety requirement. • _____________________ • _____________________ • _____________________
Documenting the Inspection • A checklist of workplace specific hazards should be developed. To accomplish this: • List the potential hazards in the workplace • Examine the work areas to locate hazards • Check with employees and records
Resources for Checklist • Insurance and safety consultants • Accident/incident investigation reports (past problems) • Small business handbook • Manufacturer Specifications • JHA and/or employee input • Standards that apply to industry
Checklist Development • Avoid making the checklist: vague, excessive detail, and overwhelming. • Checklist is a tool. • As the inspectors become more skilled, the less reliance there will be on this checklist. • You should get the point that hazards rarely are identified and hazards are corrected immediately.
Examination of the Workplace • Identify conditions that might develop • Location of the hazard • Severity potential
Safety Inspection Workshop • Mock inspection of a company is to be performed. • Identify the hazards in the slides and rate the severity. • Be prepared to discuss your results.
