Tank Fire Caused by the Earthquake at Idemitsu Hokkaido Refinery

Tank Fire Caused by the • Earthquake • at Idemitsu Hokkaido Refinery Makoto Hirai Manager, Research and Technology Idemitsu International (Europe) plc

AGENDA • Company Profile • Outline of Tank Fire • Conclusion

1. Company Profile • Head Office : Tokyo, Japan • Founded : June 20, 1911 • Employees (Group) : 7,737 (31st March, 2006) • Net Sales (Group) : 3,327 billions (\) • Refineries : 4 (640,000B/D) • Overseas Office : 36In Middle East Abu Dhabi, Tehran, Dhahran, Muscat, Doha (5)

1. Company Profile (Cont’d) Oil Exploitation Retail: 5,294 station Domestic Transportation Crude Oil Transportation Oil Refining 4 Refineries Chemical Plant 2 Plants

1. Company Profile (Cont’d) Location of Idemitsu Refineries Hokkaido Tokuyama STARTED YEAR : 1973 *CDU / ARDS / R2R Chiba STARTED YEAR : 1957 Petrochemical Complex *CDU / FCC *Steam Cracker 450 Mt/yr Aichi Aichi STARTED YEAR : 1963 Lube & Petrochemical Complex *CDU / ARDS / FCC *Steam Cracker 374 Mt/yr STARTED YEAR : 1975 *CDU / ARDS / R2R / ALK

２. Outline of Tank Fire Two Tank Fire were occurred after Earthquake (at 4.50am, 26th September, 2003) Tank No. #30006(#3’6) #30063(#3’63) Tank Prof. D:42.7m, H:24.39m, Max 32,779kl (FRT) Content (incident) Crude Oil (31,160kl) Naphtha (26,874kl) Incident case Ring Fire Full Surface Fire Fire fighting Situation Occurred: at 4.51 26th Sep. Extinguished: after 12hours Occurred: at 10.45 28th Sep. Extinguished: after 44hours

Overview of the 2003 Earthquake Hokkaido Refinery Seismograph Data Acceleration Time Series） : About 04:50 September 26th 2003 : 42 km : 8.0 : Latitude 41º46.78’ Longitude 144º4.71’ Time of Earthquake Depth of epicenter Magnitude Location of epicenter Hokkaido Refinery Maximum surface acceleration (Combined maximum acceleration : 86 gal) Ｎorth-south ：69 gal East-west ：76 gal Up-down ：38 gal epicenter N.B. This map has been reproduced with permission from Numerical Map 200000 (coast lines, administrative Areas) published by the Geographical Survey Institute （Permit Number 2003 Copy No. 367） Appendix 1 Overview of the TokachiｰOki Earthquake and Hokkaido Refinery Seismograph Data

NO.5 NO.4 NO.3 NO.7 NO.8 NO.9 Area 500 Area 550 Area 300 5503 3553 2501 2502 20301 20302 20303 20304 Area 100 Area 200 T-V230 ＡＳ Loading Area 10101 LPG Larding Area T-V220 T-V129 T-V219 5104 5105 20201 20202 20203 20204 20205 5311 5312 20305 20306 10307 Shipping Facility for Spherical Tanks 3506 3507 10106 10107 5108 5109 5110 3314 3313 3560 3561 3562 20206 20207 20208 20209 20210 ＳＵＬ 1508 20308 3316 3315 3563 3564 3565 10111 10112 5113 5114 5115 Black Oil Lorry 3451 3453 3452 While Oil Lorry Area 450 4454 4455 Measuring Facility Shipping Facility Lorry Shipments No. 2 Flare ＩＰ Storage Diesel Depth Hydrogenation Sulpherization Facility Crude Oil Direct Desulphurization Facility Sulphur Recovery Facility Hydrogen Manufacturing Facility Sulphur Supply Facility No. 2 Gas turbine Steam turbine Crude Oil Fluid Catalytic Analysis Facility 24°30′ NO.1 Berth Sea water pump West Bridge Tank with outbreak of fire on 28th Rising Bridge Inner port Office Laboratory Area 50 5259 5260 10251 10252 10151 40061 40062 25153 25154 30351 10253 10254 20262 20263 20264 10155 Naphtha 10255 10256 40064 10159 25157 25158 20265 20266 20267 30063 10257 10258 10163 10164 Area 250 Area 350 Area 150 Area 0 Power Area B-H3 60001 60002 60003 60004 60005 Electric generator Atmospheric Distillation Facility Hydrogen Recovery Facility Primary Drainage Treatment Facility Depressurization Distillation Facility Crude oil No. 1 Nitrogen Supply Facility Gas/LPG Cleansing Facility LPG Refining Facility B-H1 B-H2 Sulfur Recovery Facility 60007 60008 60009 30006 Central Transformer Station Contact Modification Facility Deionizer Now-defunct 計器室変電所 Naphtha Hydrogenation Desulphurization Facility 40013 10011 10012 Tank with outbreak of fire on 26th Industrial water storage tank Smokestack assembly No. 1 Flare Kerosene and Diesel Oil Hydrogenation Desulphurization Facility Area 650 PC Central Transformer Station No. 2 YO YO-T1A YO-T1B Heavy Diesel Oil Hydrogenation Dissolution Facility YO-T2A YO-T2B CPI SDM Temporary Building 100651 100652 SDM Temporary Building 警防：Roof sunken ＲＮＮ：FRT Cafeteria Storage ：Roof damaged Changing Room Tower ：CFRT 100653 100654 Main Building 24°30′ Through Gate ：Maintenance Oil drainer T‐V690 放流口 Main Gate Appendix 2 Hokkaido Refinery: Outline of Damage to Tanks (Site Plan)

２. Outline of Tank Fire - #3’6 - • Incident was happened immediately after the Earthquake. • Because of the sloshing, crude oil was overflowed on the tank roof and dike. • Ignition source would be “ElectricSparks caused by fractures of electric cable” or “ElectricSparks from collision of floating roof and measurement cabin or fall of measurement cabin”.

Measurement Cabin Collision Electric spark Sloshing height approx. 3.1ｍ（calculated measure） Measurement cabin in a normal state (reference) Over flow Height of collision between the pontoon’s outer rim and the base of the measurement cabin: approx. 2.9m Gauge Pole Pontoon electric cable where measurement cabin stood Measurement cabin fell on the floating roof Collision Deck Plate Appendix 3 Main Damaged Sections on Floating Roof of Crude Oil 30006 Tank

２. Outline of Tank Fire - #3’63 - • Incident was happened 2days after of the earthquake. • Because of the sloshing, the floating roof was completely sunken. Foam was continuously applied after the earthquake to prevent from contact between naphtha and air, but strong wind broke the foam blanket in the morning of 28th Sep.

Fixed foam system (total 7 spots) 0ﾟ We had been doing foam application from fixed foam system from 26th. But the foam blanket was broken by strong wind in the morning of 28th. Boundaries of foam at about 10:35 (appears to have been 3/4) Ripples seem to have been caused by strong wind The foam application was tried again, but the wind was too strong to keep the foam blanket. Ignition occurred after about 10 mins. 90ﾟ 270ﾟ Point of ignition Foam seems to have been blown away to direction of 160° Boundaries of foam at about 10:45 of ignition (appears to have been 1/3 – 1/4) Fuel level： 18.5m Naphtha Distance from top of tank to fuel surface： 5.9m 180ﾟ Measurement cabin #30063 tank -Content: Naphtha -Diameter: 42.7m Roof completely fell into fuel Wind: South south east 7.3m/s, Temperature: 16.9 degC Appendix 4Situation in Naphtha #30063 Tank before Ignition

２. Outline of Tank Fire - Video - • Japanese National Broadcast made a TV programme about Idemitsu Incident. • #3’6 3min 17- 4min 30 • #3’63 5min 59-6min 20, 10min 05 11min 54 • Sloshing, etc 15min 22 - 22min 10

3. Conclusion １. We lowered fuel operation levels of 3 Refineries (Hokkaido, Chiba and Aichi), total volume of 600,000 kl, taking into consideration their respective velocity response spectrum. ２. We removed structures on tank, in particular, all measurement cabins in Hokkaido Refinery. ３. We are reinforcing the floating roofs against earthquakes. (1) 100,000 kl tanks in Hokkaido Refinery are changed to double-deck structure. (2) For other tanks, the pontoons of floating roof are reinforced. ４. We purchased 2 big monitors, 30,000 l/min and 11,000 l/min, in Hokkaido Refinery.

Thank you for your attentions.

End of Report

Tank Fire Caused by the Earthquake at Idemitsu Hokkaido Refinery