Tuesday Nov 26, 2013

1. Tuesday Nov 26, 2013 Agenda Check at-home project Adjective clauses Outlining Identifying Supporting Details

2. At-home Project • Complete all the Exercises that you did not have time to complete in class. • Study colons, semi-colons, run-on sentences and comma splices for the Week 15 Review on Tuesday Nov 26, 2013.

3. At-home Project • Read about Comma Splice. • Complete the exercise below: Rewrite the following sentences in your notebook. Correct the Comma Splice. 1. Each sentence below is wrong, it has a comma splice. 2. Eliza ran to the store, then she bought some candy. 3. The stock market has moved in one direction lately, it has gone down. 4. Elvis Presley was a great singer, he was never really accepted by the country music's mainstream. 5. Computer programs help us live saner lives, obviously the people who write them should make lots of money. 6. Dubai has built magnificent office towers with luxuries and conveniences, it is considered a great location in which to conduct international business. 7. Brazil has won several world cups championships in soccer, they are always considered a good team. 8. The Quaid-i-Azam campus of Punjab University is considered excellent, it attracts many students. 3. Study colon, semi-colons, run-ons and comma splices for the Review on Tuesday Nov 26.

4. Adjective Clauses At a certain point in your writing in English, you should be able to identify every sentence you write as simple, compound, or complex. Two additional structures, adjective clauses and appositives, will give you a much greater sentence variety within which to accomplish your writing objectives. This page contains a small amount of information about adjective clauses along with just ten very difficult exercises. First, we will define what adjective clauses are and how they work. An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It is possible to combine the following two sentences to form one sentence containing an adjective clause: e.g. The children are going to visit the museum. They are on the bus. The children who are on the bus are going to visit the museum.(adjective clause) In the sentence above, there are two other ways to write the sentence correctly using the second sentence as the adjective clause. e.g. The children that are on the bus are going to visit the museum. The children on the bus are going to visit the museum. Some other sentences can be combined into a sentence using adjective clauses in a variety of ways, and they are all correct. Note the variety of ways in which the following two sentences can be combined. e.g. The church is old. My grandparents were married there. The church where my grandparents were married is old. The church in which my grandparents were married is old. The church which my grandparents were married in is old. The church that my grandparents were married in is old. The church my grandparents were married in is old. In the sentences above, the adjective clauses are underlined. All answers are correct. Note the use of the word "in" and how and where it is used.

5. Adjective Clause Practice In your notebooks, combine each pair of sentences into one sentence containing an adjective clause. In every sentence, use the second sentences at the adjective clause. • The man was wearing a blue shirt. He witnessed the accident. • The boy was studying in the library. I talked to him very quietly. • The book is about the history of Mexico. I bought it yesterday. • The house is still standing. Abraham Lincoln was born there. • The man reported the accident. His car was damaged. • The research paper must be finished by Friday. David is working on it. • The church is very old. My grandparents were married there. • 1910 was the year. The revolution began then. • The people are very kind. I am staying in their house. • The students passes the exam. They studied hard. More Practice: http://eslgrammarpractice.blogspot.com/2011/10/using-relative-pronouns-and-adjective.html

6. Writing an Outline Once you have grouped your ideas you should be able to create an outline for your writing. Outlining can help you organize and develop your material. An outline is a formally organized list of the ideas, explanations, details, examples, and other supporting points in an essay. Writing an outline makes writing easier. When you make an outline you divide your writing into major components or headings and then arrange your ideas under those headings. It can help you focus the main controlling idea, identify the main points, and develop an organizational plan. Paragraph Outline 1. Topic sentence a. Supporting Idea i. Detail or example b. Supporting Idea i. Detail or example c. Supporting Idea i. Detail or example 2. Concluding sentence

7. Paragraph Outline Example I Paragraph 1 The Student Center Eating in the Student Center is a pleasant experience. First, the food is excellent. It is well prepared, it tastes delicious and there are many different kinds of food like hamburgers, tacos, pizza and chicken. Moreover, each person serves his or herself, selecting just what he or she wants. Second, the environment in the Student Center is positive. Many happy young people are talking and laughing. However, the atmosphere is still calm; it’s possible to study and do homework. Finally, there are many friendly people in the Student Center. Even the strangers say, “Hi!” and offer to share their tables. When that happens, practice in speaking English and friendship often follow. For these reasons, it is nice to go to the Student Center cafeteria once in a while to enjoy the eating, studying and talking with new people.

8. Paragraph Outline Example II Outline 1 Topic sentence: Eating in the Student Center is a pleasant experience. A. Food is excellent. 1. well-prepared and delicious 2. many different foods (hamburgers, tacos, pizza and chicken) 3. self-selection B. Environment is positive 1. happy young people talking 2. calm atmosphere for study C. People are friendly 1. strangers say, “Hi!” and share tables 2. conversation (practice in English) Concluding sentence: It is nice to go to the Student Center cafeteria once in a while to enjoy eating, studying and talking with new people.

9. Paragraph Outline Example III Paragraph 2 My Job in an Apple Plant Working in an apple plant was the worst job I ever had. First of all, the work was physically hard. For ten hours a night, I took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden stand in a tractor-trailer. Each carton contained twenty-five pounds of bottled apple juice, and they came down the track fast. The second bad feature of the job was the pay. I was getting the minimum wage at that time, $3.25 an hour. I had to work over sixty hours a week to get a decent take-home pay. Finally, I hated the working conditions. We were limited to two ten-minute breaks and an unpaid half hour for lunch. Most of my time was spent outside on the loading dock in the freezing cold. I was very lonely on the job because I had no interests in common with the other workers. I felt this isolation especially when the production line shut down for the night, and I spent two hours by myself cleaning the apple vats. The vats were an ugly place to be on a cold morning, and the job was a bitter one to have.

10. Paragraph Outline Example IV Outline 2 Topic sentence: Working in an apple plant is the worst job I ever had. A. 1. Loading cartons onto skids for ten hours a night 2. B. 1. 2. Had to work sixty hours for a decent take-home pay C. 1. Two ten-minute breaks and an unpaid lunch 2. 3. Loneliness on job a. No interests in common with other workers b. Concluding sentence:

11. Paragraph Outline Example V Paragraph 3 Changes in the Family Changes in our society in recent years have weakened family life. First of all, today’s mothers spend much less time with their children. A generation ago, most houses got by on Dad’s paycheck, and Mom stayed home. Now many mother’s work, and their children attend an after-school program, stay with a neighbor or go home to an empty house. Another changer is that families no longer eat together. In the past, Mom would be home and fix a full dinner – salad, pot roast, potatoes and vegetables, with homemade cake or pie to top it off. Dinner today is more likely to be takeout food or TV dinners eaten at home or fast food eaten out, with different members of the family eating at different times. Finally, television has taken the place of family conversation and togetherness. Back when there were meals together, family members would have a chance to eat together, talk about each other and share events of the day in leisurely manner. Now, however, families are more likely to be looking at the TV set than talking to one another. Many homes even have several TV sets, which people watch in separate rooms. Clearly, modern life is a challenge to family life.

12. Paragraph Outline Example VI Outline 3 Topic Sentence: Changes in our society in recent years have weakened family life. A. Mothers 1. 2. B. Eating habits 1. Formerly full homemade meals, eaten together 2. C. 1. 2. Concluding Sentence:

13. Specific Details A common error in the support section of an essay is restating a general idea over and over by writing additional general statements. To avoid making this mistake, replace the general material with specific supporting details. Compare the two following paragraphs. Notice that the second paragraph is more engaging and more interesting to read.

14. Specific Words GeneralSpecific I drove a car on the freeway. I raced my Honda del Sol on the 405 freeway. One child insulted the other. The six-year old shouted to his playmate, “You’re a jerk!” Pat loved his teddy bear. Pat took his teddy bear to bed with him every night.

15. Practice Rank the ideas in each list from the most general (1) to the most specific (4). Follow the example: Example: _4_ a high-speed head-on collision _2_ a car crash _3_a head-on crash _1_ an accident 1. ___ a truck 2. ___ a Fuji apple ___ a vehicle ___ a green apple ___ a red Toyota pickup ___ a piece of fruit ___ a Toyota pickup ___ a green piece of fruit 3. ___ a bird in a cage 4. ___ a teenage girl with dark glasses ___ an Amazon parrot in a wrought ___ a female iron cage ___ a parrot in a cage ___ an adolescent girl ___ a pet ___ a human being

16. More Practice Rank the ideas in each list from the most general (1) to the most specific (4). Follow the example: Example: _4_ a high-speed head-on collision _2_ a car crash _3_ a head-on crash _1_ an accident 5. ___ David teaches biology. 6. ___ Ernesto loves to paint. ___ David teaches science. ___ Ernesto loves art. ___ David teaches Microbiology 4. ___ Ernesto loves oil painting. ___ David teacher microbiology. ___ Ernesto loves to paint portraits in oil. 7. ___ Farida spends a lot of time in nature. ___ Farida backpacks into the High Sierras during school vacation. ___ Farida goes to the mountains whenever she can. ___ Farida camps in the mountains during school vacations.

17. Paragraph Samples A. As one example of my recent bad luck, I was in an accident last month. I was not expecting it at all, so I was really shocked. It just happened. It was the other driver’s fault, and I was completely surprised. I was not doing anything wrong. I could not believe I was in an accident. I never even saw it coming. B. As one example of my recent bad luck, I was in a car accident last month. It happened during rush-hour on a rainy day, so I was driving especially carefully. I stopped at an intersection and I was changing the radio station when a Ford Mustang slammed into the back of my Honda Civic. I never even saw it coming.

18. And even more practice The following exercise gives a main idea and pairs of supporting ideas. In each pair of supporting ideas, one pair is more specific than the other. Circle the letter of the idea that is more specific. Fond Memories of a Starry Night I really love the memories that I have of my mother, especially of the hot nights when we used to sleep in the backyard. 1. a. The sky was beautiful, and my mother and I spent many hours looking at it. It was really the most beautiful sky I have ever seen. My mother thought so, too. b. I remember that the blue sky ha plenty of stars, and there was a full moon. The stars and moon shone with full brightness. 2. a. The view was gorgeous, and we saw many things in the sky. It was so beautiful. b. Sometimes we saw comets crossing the sky until they got lost in the distance. 3. a. My mother sat by my side, telling me stories about a princess, until I fell asleep. b. My mother told me stories until I fell asleep. 4. a. The next morning, the nice sounds from our neighborhood woke us up, but the most beautiful feeling was being with my mother. b. The next morning, the rooster’s crowing waking me up was nice, but the most beautiful feeling was having my mother next to me.

19. And still more practice Substitute the underlined general ideas with specific ones. e.g. An accident took place on the freeway. An accident took place > A car hit the center divider. on the freeway > on the 605 freeway • He greeted her with a gift. • They bought a new car. • The car was dirty. • The cat relaxed. • The dog made us angry. • The children misbehaved. • I had car trouble. • The sales clerk at the restaurantwas rude to me.

20. Supporting Sentences Look at this example paragraph. Then look at how the details are organized into an outline. There are three main benefits from exercise: weight loss, muscle tone, and cardiovascular improvement. First of all, a moderate exercise program such as bicycling, walking, jogging or aerobics for thirty minutes four days a week will result in weight loss for the average person. An increase in activity means the body will burn more calories, resulting in weight loss. Second, moderate exercise helps develop and tone muscles in the arms, legs, back, neck and shoulders. The body uses these muscles to exercise, and the activity helps the muscles become stronger. The heart, the most important muscle in the body, gets stronger with exercise, which makes the heart work more efficiently. This brings about the third benefit -- cardiovascular improvement. Exercise causes the heart to pump blood throughout the body more efficiently. The lungs deliver more oxygen to the cells, and breathing is easier. All of these benefits are the result of exercise, so start an exercise program today! I. The Topic Sentence: There are three main benefits from exercise: weight loss, muscle tone, and cardiovascular improvement. A. Supporting Detail #1: weight loss B. Supporting Detail #2: muscle tone C. Supporting Detail #3: cardiovascular improvement II. ConcludingSentence: All of these benefits are the result of exercise, so start an exercise program today! Practice: http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/200/reading/xmas1.htm

21. Practice • http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/200/reading/xmas1.htm • http://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ela4/j/supportsentp.cfm

22. At-home Project 1. Review Outlines for the Week 16 quiz on Tuesday Dec 3, 2013.