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chem 1151 survey of chemistry i

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chem 1151 survey of chemistry i

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    1. CHEM 1151 Survey of Chemistry I

    2. Chapter 1 Basic Concepts about Matter

    5. Matter Matter: anything that has mass and volume.

    6. Mass

    7. Weight

    8. Volume

    9. What do you know about matter?

    10. Solids Solids hold their own shape. Solids have mass. Solids take up space.

    11. Liquids Liquids take the shape of their container. Liquids have mass. Liquids take up space.

    12. Gases Gases spread out to fill the entire space given. Gases have mass. Gases take up space.

    13. Plasma Lightning is a plasma. Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights. Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged.

    14. Learning Check S1 Match: (1) solid, (2) liquid, or (3) gas. ____ A. Has a definite volume, but shape of the container. ____ B. Its particles are moving rapidly. ____ C. Fills the volume of a container. ____ D. Particles are in a fixed structure. ____ E. Particles are close together, but mobile.

    15. Solution S1 Match: (1) solid, (2) liquid, or (3) gas. _2_ A. Has a definite volume, but shape of the container. _3_ B. Its particles are moving rapidly. _3_ C. Fills the volume of a container. _1_ D. Particles are in a fixed structure. _2_ E. Particles are close together, but mobile.

    17. Matter has 2 properties Physical Properties that can be measured or observed w/o changing the chemical composition Examples: color, odor, taste, hardness, boiling point, etc. Chemical Ability of a substance to react or change to a new substance that has different properties Examples: Iron and oxygen produce rust, electric current through water

    19. Physical changes almost always occur with a chemical change Signs of a physical change Large amount of heat or light Flame Gas bubbles Change in color or odor Formation of solid material that settles out of a solution Chemical Changes

    21. Classification of Matter

    24. Classification of Matter

    25. Homogeneous Mixtures uniform in composition every part of the solution is like exactly like every other part Examples Metal alloys Air Sugar - water

    26. Heterogeneous Mixtures Two or more visible phases Different properties in different phases Examples chocolate chip cookies rocks

    27. Atoms Smallest particle of an element that enters into chemical reactions Ultimate particle that makes up the elements Atoms are so small that billions are needed to make a speck large enough to be seen by a microscope

    28. Molecule is smallest uncharged part of a compound formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more atoms Classification of Matter

    30. Symbols of Elements Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only Examples: C carbon Co cobalt N nitrogen Ca calcium F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium

    31. Symbols from Latin Names Element Symbol Latin name Copper Cu cuprum Gold Au aurum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury Hg hydrargyrum Potassium K kalium Silver Ag argentum Sodium Na natrium Tin Sn stannum

    32. Learning Check Prozac, C17H18F3NO, is a widely used antidepressant that inhibits the uptake of serotonin by the brain. How many atoms of each element are present in one molecule of prozac?

    33. Where it all began? Modern chemistry is result of human’s quest to understand their environment Earliest attempts to explain environment led to myths and fantasies

    34. What is Chemistry? Deals with matter and the changes it undergoes Focuses on energy it and how changes when matter is transformed Explains how all matter behaves and the principles that govern the behavior

    35. History Highlights 600 B.C. group of Greek philosophers became dissatisfied with myths 600 B.C. - 400 B.C. Golden Age of Philosophy Answer ??? with logical possibilities Some believed single substance that was basis for everything else Water - Thales Air - Anaximenes

    36. The Golden Age continues Universe composed of 4 elements earth, air, fire and water Empedocles – 4 elements combine in different proportions to make up all objects in the universe Leucippus and Democritus trying to determine smallest particle of matter (idea of atom)

    37. Egyptians –Art of Chemistry At same time as the Greeks, Egyptians were: mining and purifying metals Making embalming fluids Making dyes This art is called khemia

    38. The Quest continues 7th century A.D. Arabs took over Egypt khemia alkhemia alchemy Alchemy study of everything in chemistry 300-1600 A.D. Major goal of alchemists Convert base metals to gold A supposed cure for all diseases Fountain of youth

    39. Modern Age of Chemistry Begins with publication The Sceptical Chymist by Robert Boyle (chemist, physicist, and theologian) ??? Ancient Greeks and alchemist Believed that scientists must start from first principles Every theory must be proved by experimentation

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