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Orthographic Projection

Orthographic Projection. Lecture 09/28/04. Question of the Day. For what inventions did Charles Kettering receive patents? Where did he earn his engineering degree?. ANSWER:. The automobile self-starter and the ignition system.

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Orthographic Projection

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  1. Orthographic Projection Lecture 09/28/04

  2. Question of the Day • For what inventions did Charles Kettering receive patents? • Where did he earn his engineering degree? ANSWER: • The automobile self-starter and the ignition system Kettering was a Buckeye and earned his engineering degree from Ohio State. His company was Delco and now is called Delphi

  3. Orthographic Projections • Reference: Technical Graphics, Chap 3: • Advantage – Represent features of an object more accurately • Example Problem

  4. Orthographic Projection Orthographic Projection is a collection of 2-D drawings that work together to give an accurate overall object.

  5. Defining the Six Principal Views or Orthographic Views

  6. Which Views to Present? General Guidelines • Pick a Front View that is most descriptive of object • Normally the longest dimension is chosen as the width (or depth) • Most common combination of views is to use: Front, Top, and Side View • Any other view different from the Principal Views is called Auxiliary View (see 3.15 in the Technical Graphics text)

  7. Glass-Box Approach - Introduction • Most powerful technique to understand orthographic projections • Suspend the object with transparent strings inside a glass box • Freeze the view from each direction (each of the six sides of the box) and unfold the box • Animation illustrates glass-box approach

  8. Glass Box Theory • This visualization tool is available on the FEH website: Go to FEH Home Page (http://feh.eng.ohio-state.edu)  Click on “Lecture Notes”  Chose “Engineering H191” from Autumn 2004  Glass Box animation is available there

  9. Glass-Box Approach Continued

  10. Glass-Box ApproachContinued

  11. Glass-Box ApproachContinued

  12. Glass-Box ApproachContinued

  13. Glass-Box ApproachContinued

  14. Glass-Box ApproachContinued

  15. Third-angle Projection First-angle Projection First Angle (International) vs. Third Angle (U.S.) Projection From Fundamentals of Graphic Communications by Bertoline, McGraw-Hill

  16. Width Top View Depth Right Side View Front View Height Conventional Orthographic Views

  17. Hidden Line – used to represent features that cannot be seen in the current view • Centerlines – used to represent symmetry and to mark the center of circles and the axes of cylinders, and the axes of symmetrical parts, such as cylinders and bolts Defining Hidden and Center Lines for Orthographic Projections

  18. Example Center Lines Visible Line Hidden Lines

  19. Precedence of Lines 0.6 mm 0.3 mm 0.3 mm

  20. Example: Application of Precedence

  21. Gap Conventions for Intersection of Lines in Orthographic Projections Solid Line Intersections Dashed Line Intersections Reference – Technical Graphics, Chapter 3

  22. Two-View Drawings • Some objects can be fully described by two views, look for: • Symmetry or Bodies of Rotation Front View Right Side View Right Side Front View

  23. Other Two-View Examples

  24. Summary • Introduced to orthographic projections • We recommend the software animation exercise introduced in class. Animation can be found on WebCT – Glass Box Theory.

  25. Review Questions • Rectilinear grids are used for sketching isometric pictorials … True/False • Based on the lines of sight, orthographic projection drawings are classified as a ____ projections • There are ____ standard principal views of orthographic projections • Each view in a orthographic projection concentrates on ____ dimensions of the object

  26. Hints for Orthographic Projection Sketching • Identify the major features and overall dimensions of the object • Do not use any straight-edge devices as a pencil guide when sketching by hand • Start by drawing bounding boxes with light construction lines. • Keep views aligned while sketching

  27. Tips for Drawing Assignments • Title Information is required – follow conventions • Usage of construction lines is encouraged. Mandatory for circle or ellipse • Orthographic projection : Alignment of the views is important! Will not be graded, if not aligned

  28. Sketching a Circle • Draw a square whose sides are the diameter of the circle. • 2. At the center of each side define the point of tangency for the circle. • 3. Draw the diagonals of the square. • 4. Orient the paper so you can draw equal arcs to construct the circle

  29. Hints for Orthographic Projection Sketching • Map inclined and oblique faces to all three views • Follow the precedence of lines • Darken all visible, hidden, and center lines

  30. Assignment • Drawing 7: B11 in course packet • Due Today • Drawing 8: TG 2.6 & 2.19 • Due on next lecture day

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