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Physical Development

Physical Development. William G. Huitt. Last Revised: June 2003. Physical Development. Refers to the structure and functioning of the body. Wellness Total health of the individual, including mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual

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Physical Development

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  1. Physical Development William G. Huitt Last Revised: June 2003

  2. Physical Development • Refers to the structure and functioning of the body • Wellness • Total health of the individual, including mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual • A function of congruence among knowledge, values, attitudes, and behavior

  3. Present Concerns • Healthy eyesight 85% • Cancer 81% • Heart Disease 75% • Joint Pain/Arthritis 73% • High Cholesterol 73% • High Blood Pressure 69% • Stress 68%

  4. Present Concerns • Mental Acuity 65% • Blood Triglycerides 65% • Diabetes 58% • Emotional Distress 56% • Stomach Ulcers 41% • Migraines 38%

  5. Actions Considered Important • Avoid drinking while driving 84% • Annual dental exam 75% • Wear seat belt 73% • Do not smoke 72% • Adequate vitamins & minerals 58% • Limit fat intake 52% • Maintain proper weight 19%

  6. Current Data • About two-thirds of American adult population are overweight • Over one-fourth are obese • Nearly 25% of children between the ages of 6 and 17 are obese

  7. Physical Development • Body composition and functioning • Genetics • Activity • Nutrition

  8. Activity • Cardiorespiritory endurance -- ability to deliver essential nutrients, especially oxygen, to the working muscles of the body and to remove waste products during prolonged physical exertion

  9. Activity • Muscular strength -- the amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort

  10. Activity • Muscular endurance -- the ability to sustain a given level of muscle tension – that is, to hold a muscle contraction for a long period of time, or to contract a muscle over and over again

  11. Activity • Flexibility -- the ability to move body joints through a full range of motion

  12. Target Heart Rate During Activity AgeTarget Heart Rate Zone50-75% 20 years 100-150 bpm 30 years 95-142 bpm 40 years 90-135 bpm 50 years 85-127 bpm 60 years 80-120 bpm 70 years 75-113 bpm

  13. Activity • Sedentary lifestyle associated with • Coronary heart disease • Cancer • Osteoporosis • Diabetes • Obesity

  14. Activity • Lack of exercise as much a risk factor for disease as • High blood pressure • Obesity • Smoking • Approximately 250,000 premature deaths every year attributed to lack of exercise

  15. Activity

  16. Body Composition • Proportion of fat to overall weight • Cholesterol levels • Blood pressure • Heart rate • Others

  17. Body Mass Index Body Mass Index (BMI) calculator http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/bmi/bmi-adult.htm

  18. BMI & Disease Risk

  19. Nutrition • Recommendations by USDA were made to promote farm products • Recent research suggests a different pyramid

  20. USDA Food Pyramid

  21. Healthy Eating Pyramid

  22. Lean body (muscle) mass Strength Basal metabolic rate Body fat percentage Aerobic capacity Insulin sensitivity Cholesterol/HDL level Blood pressure Bone density Body temperature regulation Biomarkers

  23. Most important because they are interrelated Lean body (muscle) mass Strength Basal metabolic rate Body fat percentage Biomarkers • Not necessarily related to weight if physically fit

  24. Lean body mass After age 30, tend to lose about 6.6 lbs of lean-body mass each decade Strength From age 20 to 70, lose about 30% of total number of muscle cells Basic Metabolic Rate Drops about 2% per decade after age 20 Body Fat Percentage Women: at 25 = 25% fat; at 65 = 43% Men: at 25 = 18%; at 65 = 38% Biomarkers

  25. What To Do • President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports http://www.fitness.gov/ • National Health Education Standards http://www.aahperd.org/aahe/pdf_files/standards.pdf • Mississippi Curriculum Standards http://www.mde.k12.ms.us/ACAD/ID/Curriculum/Physed/phedal.htm

  26. What To Do • Frank and Mike’s Physical Education Page http://www.geocities.com/sissio/physical_education.html • Arrow Vale Community High School http://www.arrowvale.worcs.sch.uk/pestudy.htm

  27. The End

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