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Living By Chemistry SECOND EDITION

Learn about the concept of limiting reactant and percent yield in the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid. Determine the relative order of balloon sizes and calculate the amount of ammonia that can be produced from given reactant amounts.

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Living By Chemistry SECOND EDITION

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  1. Living By ChemistrySECOND EDITION Unit 4: TOXINS Stoichiometry, Solution Chemistry, and Acids and Bases

  2. Lesson 93: Get the Lead Out • Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield

  3. ChemCatalyst • Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, and acetic acid, CH3COOH, react to generate CO2 gas: • CH3COOH(aq) + NaHCO3(s)  NaCH3COO(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) • You set up the reactions as shown. The gas generated by the reaction will inflate the balloon when the sodium bicarbonate is poured into the acetic acid. • Predict the relative order of the balloon sizes. Justify your choice. • a. 1 = 2 = 3 b. 1 < 2 < 3 c. 1 < 2 = 3 d. 1 = 2 < 3

  4. Key Question • Which reactant determines how much product is made?

  5. You will be able to: • complete stoichiometric calculations involving limiting reactant • calculate percent yield when the actual yield is known

  6. Prepare for the Activity • Work in pairs.

  7. Discussion Notes • In the real world, substances are rarely mixed in the exact mole ratios specified by a chemical equation. • In order to identify the limiting reactant, the number of moles of the reactants on hand must be compared with the mole ratio of the reactants.

  8. Wrap Up • Which reactant determines how much product is made? • The limiting reactant is the substance that gets used up in a chemical reaction. • To determine the limiting reactant, calculate how many moles of each reactant you have. Consult the mole ratio to see which reactant will get used up.

  9. Check-In • Consider this reaction: • N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g) • If you mix 28.0 g of nitrogen gas, N2, and12.0 g of hydrogen gas, H2, which reactant is the limiting reactant? Show your work. • How much ammonia can be made from these amounts of reactants?

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