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The French Revolution

The French Revolution. French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, provide “dual revolutions” that transform Europe Considered the start to “modernity” More fundamental and profound consequences than the American Revolution France = most powerful and populous state in Europe

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The French Revolution

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  1. The French Revolution

  2. French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, provide “dual revolutions” that transform Europe • Considered the start to “modernity” • More fundamental and profound consequences than the American Revolution • France = most powerful and populous state in Europe • Massive social revolution • Worldwide impact • Becomes model for future revolutions Why so important…?

  3. Long Term Immediate • Corrupt & inconsistent leadership • No central bank • uneven tax system • Wealthy members of 3rd Estate resent privileges of 1st & 2nd Estates • Unbearable situation of peasants • Enlightenment Ideas • Huge government debt • Poor harvests and rising price of bread • Failure of Louis XVI to accept financial reforms • Formation of National Assembly • Storming of the Bastille Causes of the Revolution

  4. Rural response • Caused by rumors that the king’s armies were on their way • Peasants attacked and burned nobles’ homes The Great Fear

  5. Parisian women march to Versailles on October 5, 1789 and demand to be heard • demanded Louis XVI & family return to Paris • with help of the National Guard and the National Assembly, they return to Paris with the king Women March on Versailles

  6. Moderate Stage: 1789-1792 • Turned France into a constitutional monarchy • Radical Stage: 1792-1794 • Escalating violence and end of the monarchy • The Directory: 1794-1799 • Reaction against extremism Periods of the Revolution

  7. Declaration of the Rights of Man – document modeled after the U.S. Declaration of Independence (equal rights, liberty, freedom of rel.) “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!” – slogan of the French revolutionaries French Catholic church put under state control Constitution setting up a limited monarch and legislative assembly Moderate Stage: 1789-1792

  8. King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, and their children attempt to escape from Paris – failed, and appeared as traitors to the revolution European Rulers & nobles fear the spread of the “French Plague” (revolutionary ideas) – threaten to intervene Revolutionaries (sans-culottes) demand a republic – a government ruled by elected officials Moderate Stage: 1789-1792

  9. Radicals, known as Jacobins take the upper hand in National Assembly Radicals declare war on Absolutism of European monarchies – begin to fight wars with England, Prussia, and Austria Suffrage (voting rights) granted to all male citizens – not just land-owners “National Convention” established - A republic with a new constitution that took away nobles’ land and titles Radical Stage: 1792-1794

  10. Committee of Public Safety created to save the revolution – in charge of trial and executions “Freedom Fever” - Army of revolutionaries used new tactics to defeat the Netherlands, invade Italy and put down peasant revolts Reign of Terror – led by Robespierre, anti-revolutionary suspects tried and executed by guillotine (300,000 tried; 17,000 executed) Radical Stage: 1792-1794

  11. Robespierre and Committee of Public Safety became feared by all, even the National Convention – soon put on trial themselves and executed Constitution of 1795 (becomes France’s 3rd since 1789) – middle class & professionals of Bourgeoisie dominated “The Directory” Directory faces much discontent – continued war with Britain and Austria, corrupt leaders, rising bread prices, re-emerging royalist feelings Politicians turn to Napoleon for help The Directory: 1794-1799

  12. Rule of Napoleon Bonaparte: 1799-1815 And then…

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