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Algebra In Chemistry

Created by: Aramik Yousefian Presented by : Lilit H aroyan. LAMC SSC Title V HSI. Algebra In Chemistry. Algebra Simplified. Measurements. Scientific Notation. Significant digits / Rounding. Percentage. Measurements. Length. Time. Mass. Volume. Temperature. Length.

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Algebra In Chemistry

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  1. Created by: AramikYousefian Presented by : Lilit Haroyan LAMCSSC Title V HSI Algebra In Chemistry

  2. Algebra Simplified Measurements Scientific Notation Significant digits / Rounding Percentage

  3. Measurements Length Time Mass Volume Temperature

  4. Length • Relations of U.S. and Metric Units • 1 in = 2.54 cm (exact) • 1 yd = 0.9144 m (exact) • 1 mi = 1.609 km • Relations in U.S. units • 1 mi = 5280 ft • 1 mi = 1760 yd • 1 ft = 12 in So, 3 ft = 0.9144 m

  5. Mass Relations of U.S. and Metric units • 1 lb = 0.4536 kg • 1 oz = 28.35 g Relations in U.S. units • 1 lb = 16 oz Kilogram kg

  6. A simple Length Conversion Example 66 Inches to Meters 2.54 cm66 in x 1 in 1 mx100 cm = 1.7 m More Advanced Length Conversion Example 55mi/hrtom/s 55 mi 1 hr 1 km x 0.62 mi 1000 m x 1 km 1 hr x 3600 s = 25 m/s

  7. Volume / Mass / Temperature / Time • Volume Conversions • 1L=1000ml • 1gal=3.78L • 1 us quart=32 us fluid oz • Mass Conversions • 1kg=1000g • 1lb=16OZ • 1ton=2000lb • 1lb=453g • Temperature Conversions • 1 degree C= 33.8 degree F • 1 degree F= -17.2 degree F • Time Conversions • 1yr=365days • 1day=24hr • 1hr=60min

  8. More Conversion Examples A cooler has a capacity of 5500 ml. What is the capacity in Liters? 1 L x 1000ml 5500 ml = 5.5 L Ethyl alcohol has density of 0.79 g/ml. What is the volume in mlof 1.5kg of alcohol? 1000 g 1.5 kg x 1 kg 1 ml x 0.79 g = 1900 ml 1000 ml x 1 L 0.66 g x 1 ml How many ml of olive oil (d=0.92g/ml) weigh the same as 1.2Lof gasoline (d=0.66g/ml) = 792 g gas 1.2 L gas mass of olive oil = mass of gasoline = 792 g 1 ml 792 g oil x 0.92 g = 860 ml

  9. Scientific Notation

  10. Converting Ordinary decimal notation to scientific notation 123,000,000,000 Put the decimal after the first digit. 1.23000000000 After the decimal place, there are 11 places left So, we drop the zeros and write… 1.23 x 10 11

  11. More Examples Write 0.0000000000436 in scientific notation. 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4.36 × 10–11 Convert 0.00000000578 to scientific notation. 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5.78 × 10–9

  12. More Examples

  13. Significant digits

  14. Significant Figure Rules • All non-zero digits are always significant. • All zeros between two significant digits are always significant. • All zeros before the first non-zero digit are never significant.  • All zeros after the last non-zero digit and after the decimal are always significant.  • Trailing zeros before the decimal are ambiguous and therefore assumed to not be significant. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 0 4 5 0 0 9 8 0 1 4 0 0 0 5 5 2 0 4 8 1 0 0 4 5 2 . 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0. 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 4 3

  15. Examples 0.0035 2 sig figs 0.0035 0022005.0 6 sig figs 0022005.0 568000 3 sig figs 568000 0.003010 4 sig figs 0.003010

  16. Rounding Numbers 0,1,2,3and 4 are always rounded down 1 2 5 4 round to 3 digit is 1 2 5 5,6,7,8 and 9 are always rounded up 1 0 8 6 6 7 round to 4 digit is 1 0 8 7 Rounding Decimals 3.1416 rounded to hundredths is 3.14 1.2635 rounded to tenths is 1.3 1.2635 rounded to 3 decimal places is 1.264 Rounding whole Numbers 134.9 rounded to tens is 130 12,690 rounded to thousands is 13,000 1.239 rounded to units is 1

  17. Significant digit calculations multiplication and division When multiplying or dividing numbers, the answer must contain the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the lowest number of significant figures. (1.353) x (0.12) = 1.6 addition and subtraction When adding or subtracting numbers, the answer must contain the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the lowest number of decimal places. (15.12) + (5.8) = 20.9

  18. MoreCalculations 6.48 x 0.22 = 1.4256 1.4 0.006 + 5.24 = 5.246 5.25 8.06 = 2.9 2.8 2.7793103 (3.5) (4.544) = 5 3 3.1808

  19. Percentage% A percent is a ratio whose second term is 100. Percent means parts per hundred. 77 = 77% 100 96 = 96% 100

  20. Percentage Calculation What is 35% of 68? X35 = 68 100 100X (68)(35) = 100 100 X= 24 24 is 35% of 68. 15 is what percentage of 80? 15X = 80 100 80X (15)(100) = 80 80 X= 19 19% of 80 is 15.

  21. Calculating % Error your result - accepted value % error = X 100 accepted value Also written as experimental value - theoretical value % error = X 100 theoretical value

  22. % Error Example A student measures the volume of a 1.50 liter container to be 1.67 liters. What is the percenterror in the student's measurement? Experimental Value: 1.50 L Theoretical value: 1.67 L 1.50 - 1.67 1.67 X 100 % error = = 10% error • - 0.17 • 1.67 X 100

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