Grammar Tenses: Simple Present, Simple Past, Simple Future

1. CHAPTER 1 TENSES The Simple Present Tense The Simple Past Tense The Simple Future Tense By : Sanjay Koriya (M.A. M.Ed.)

2. WHAT IS GRAMMAR? • The structure of a language • The skeleton of a language • The backbone of a language • The rules of a language • The basic principles of a language

3. Grammar • The scientific study of a language • A set of rules that tells how to speak and write correctly. • The rules in a language for changing the form of words and joining them into sentences. • The rules that governs the use of language

4. Tense • A set of verb forms that indicate when the action happens i.e. Past, Present, Future • OR • Verb form that shows when the action takes place.

5. English Grammar Tenses • Present Tense: • Simple Present Tense • Present progressive Tense • Present Perfect Tense • Present Perfect Progressive Tense • Past Tense: • Simple Past Tense • Past Progressive Tense • Past Perfect • Past Perfect Progressive • Future Tense: • Simple Future Tense • Future Progressive Tense • Future Prefect Tense • Future Perfect Progressive

6. Simple Present Tense It expresses an action that happens: • Repeatedly • E.g. Rajesh often visits his family. • Regularly • E.g. I receive bank statement from my bank every month. • Habitually • E.g. Ashok drinks water before he goes to bed. • Everyday • E.g. Mohan goes to his office everyday.

7. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE(STRUCTURE) SUB + Verb (s/es) + Complement • Jayesh washes his clothes himself. • We wash our clothes ourselves. • Question: • Does/Do + Sub + Verb + Complement? • Does Jayesh wash his clothes himself? • Negative: • Sub + don’t / doesn’t + Verb + Complement. • Jayesh doesn’t wash his clothes himself.

8. Final (s) or (es) • Verbs that take s/es become singular. • Verbs that are used for third person singular in simple present tense take final s/es. • Add `s’ • Add `s’ with verbs having `e’. Make- Makes • Add `es’ with ch/sh/ss/x/z/o like Teach-Teaches • Add `ies ‘ with verbs ending in y, followed by consonant, removing `y’. like : Cry-Cries • Add `s’ with verbs ending in y, followed by vowel. Like Play-Plays

9. Exercise • Fill in the blanks with the simple present tense of the verbs. • Winter ________ after autumn. (come) • A dog_____________. (bark) • You ___________tired. (look) • Everyone ________ mistakes. (make) • All _________ in a department store. (work) • Monkeys ________ bananas. (like) • He _______ very fast. (Type) • We ________ english very well. (speak) • The children _______ to school by bus. (go) • Shyam ________ very sincerely. (learn)

10. Simple Past Tense Shows an action or activity that happened in the past or in a period of passed time. E.g. • Kartik played cricket yesterday. • I taught english last monday. • He came from Rajkot.

11. Simple Past Tensestructure SUB + V (regular/Irregular) + Complement Manish washed her clothes. Naresh wrote his assignment. • Question: • Did + Sub + V (infinitive) + Complement? • Did Naresh write his assignments? • Negative: • Sub + did (not) + V (infinitive) + complement. • Naresh did not write his assignment.

12. Regular Verbs Such verbs which end in `ed’. These verbs are called regular verbs. - Add `ed’ in usually formed like jump-jumped • Add `d’ with verbs having `e’. Agree - Agreed • Add `ed ‘ with verbs that end in a consonant and have only a single vowel before the consonant. like : fan-fanned, grab-grabbed • Add `ed’ with verbs that end in y, followed by Consonant, Change the `Y’ to `I’ before adding `ed’ . Like : bury – buried, carry – carried • Add `ed’ with verbs that end in y, followed by vowel, don’t change the `Y’ before adding `ed’ . Like : play-played

13. Irregular Verbs - Such verbs which do not end in `ed’. These verbs are called irregular verbs.

14. Exercise • Fill in the blanks with the simple past tense of the verbs. • She ________ home alone. (go) • A frog ______ into the well. (jump) • He ___________tired. (look) • An apple _______ on his head. (drop) • He _____ his old car and ______a new one. (sell/buy) • Who ______ all the windows ? (shut) • The party _______ at 8.00 p.m. (begin) • Nilesh ______ up the ladder carefully. (climp) • Paresh _____ the highest grade in his English class.(get) • The wind ______ throughout the night. (blow)

15. Simple Future Tense Shows an action or activity that have not happened yet, but are going to happen. E.g. • I shall finish the job tomorrow. • You will enjoy visiting New Zealand. • He will be back for dinner the next day.

16. Simple Future Tensestructure SUB + V (shall/will) + Complement Manisha will wash her clothes. Naresh will write his assignment. • Question: • Will/Shall + Sub + V (infinitive) + Complement? • Will Naresh write his assignments? • Negative: • Sub + will/shall (not) + V (infinitive) + complement. • Naresh will not write his assignment.

17. Exercise • Fill in the blanks with the simple future tense of the verbs. • You _____ fat if you eat too many desserts. ( grow) • We _______ to the zoo after breakfast. (go) • I _____ my bath before dinner. (take) • She _______ us how to play chess. (teach) • They ______ busy tomorrow. (be) • It ______ soon. (rain) • Kanu ________ James this evening. (visit) • He _______ his exams. ( pass) • Dad _______ us to the movies next Sunday. • Paresh _______ lots to do on his farm. (find)