200 likes | 457 Views
Cognition 7e, Margaret MatlinChapter 3 . Three Kinds of Attention Processes. Divided Attentiontrying to pay attention to two or more simultaneous messagesperform two tasks at the same timeSimulated-driving studiesLevy and coauthors (2006)braking
E N D
1. Chapter 3 Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness
2. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Three Kinds of Attention Processes Divided Attention
trying to pay attention to two or more simultaneous messages
perform two tasks at the same time
Simulated-driving studies
Levy and coauthors (2006)
braking & tone
3. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Three Kinds of Attention Processes Divided Attention
Simulated-driving studies (continued)
Strayer and colleagues (2003)
hands-free cell phones, traffic, braking
inattentional blindness
Wikman and colleagues (1998)
experienced drivers vs. novices
4. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Three Kinds of Attention Processes Selective Attention
respond selectively to certain kinds of information, while ignoring other information
people notice little about the irrelevant tasks
Dichotic Listening
one message presented to left ear and a different message presented to right ear
shadow one of the messages
5. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Three Kinds of Attention Processes Selective Attention
Dichotic Listening (continued)
people notice very little about the unattended message
in general, we can process only one message at a time
may process the unattended message when
1. both messages are presented slowly
2. the task is not challenging
3. the meaning of the unattended message is relevant
6. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Three Kinds of Attention Processes Selective Attention
Dichotic Listening (continued)
cocktail party effect
working memory
7. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Three Kinds of Attention Processes Selective Attention
The Stroop Effect
naming the colors of words
incongruent words vs. colored patches
8. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Three Kinds of Attention Processes Selective Attention
Visual Search
The feature-present/feature-absent effect
Treisman and Souther (1985)—searching for "circle with the line" or "circle without the line"
Royden and colleagues (2001)—moving vs. stationary targets
9. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Visual Search
10. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Three Kinds of Attention Processes In Depth: Saccadic Eye Movements
eye movements during reading
saccadic eye movement
fovea
fixation
perceptual span
11. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Three Kinds of Attention Processes In Depth: Saccadic Eye Movements (continued)
patterns—blank spaces, short words, highly predictable words, misspellings, unusual words
good readers vs. poor readers—size of saccadic movements, regressions, pauses
meaning of the text—themes, puzzling endings
12. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Explanations for Attention Neuroscience Research on Attention
The Orienting Attention Network
selecting information from sensory input
visual search
parietal lobe
brain lesions
unilateral neglect
PET scans
13. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Cerebral Cortex & Attention
14. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Explanations for Attention Neuroscience Research on Attention
The Executive Attention Network
used when task features conflict
inhibiting automatic responses to stimuli
Stroop task
listening to words and stating use of each word
top-down control of attention
academic learning
The Alerting Attention Network—responsible for sensitivity to new stimuli, alertness, vigilance
15. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Consciousness the awareness people have about the outside world and about their perceptions, images, thoughts, memories, and feelings
generally associated with controlled, focused attention that is not automatic
16. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Consciousness Consciousness About Our Higher Mental Processes
Nisbett & Wilson (1977)
little direct access to our thought processes
products vs. processes
17. Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 3 Consciousness Consciousness About Our Higher Mental Processes
we have only limited access to some thought processes such as:
whether our attention is drifting
how well we understand something we have read
our awareness of step-by-step procedures in a motor activity that has become automatic