M8 U2 The universal language

1. M8 U2 The universal language Grammar and usage

2. Review: Answer some questions based on Turandot in Beijing. 1. What kind of person is the princess Turandot? (She is) Cold-hearted. 2. How many times will Turandot be staged in the Forbidden City? (It will be staged in the Forbidden City Eight (times). 3. What were the key ingredients for the production of this opera? The bringing together of the group of people from many countries, the music and the setting (were the key components for the production of this opera).

3. What is Ellipsis? Some words can be left out when we do not want to repeat them. This is called ellipsis.

4. Ellipsisis used when we do not want to repeat words or phrasesthatareobvious. Some words of a sentence canbeleftoutwhile the meaning can still be understood.

5. 1. My father likes sports more than Tom. (wrong) 2. My father likes sports more than Tom does. (correct) 3. My father likes sports more than he likes Tom. (correct)

6. I. 简单句中的省略 在口语中 —How is your mother today? —(She is ) Much better. (Is there) Anything wrong? 2. 在祈使句中 (You) Open the door, please. (I) Thank you very much.

7. 3. 在感叹句中 What a (good) boy (he is)! How (hard) they are working! 4. 名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺,住宅,教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物 At her mother’s (house) she passed many happy days. I met him at the doctors’ (house).

8. 5.动词不定式的省略 a. 为避免重复,常省略上文已提到的动词原形,只保留不定式中的小品词to:这类动词有:expect, forget, hope, intend, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish, would like, like和love等。 如: She asked me to dance with her, but I didn’t want to (dance with her). —Will you go with me? —Well, I’d like to (go with you). b. 在have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to等后省略动词。 如: I really didn’t want to go there with him, but I had to (go there with him).

9. c. 在某些形容词delight, glad, happy, pleased等后省略to后面的动词。 如: — Will you join in our discussion? — I’ll be glad to (join in your discussion). d. 若不定式中带有be, have等, 通常保留be, have。 如: —Are you a teacher? —No, but I used to be (a teacher). John didn’t come, but he ought to have (come).

10. II. 并列句中的省略 1. 后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略。 如： She was poor but (she was) honest. Bob has done his homework, but Tom hasn’t (done his homework). 2. 有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中， 看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。 如：Mary can （speak English）and (Mary) ought to speak English. Bob works (in London), and Peter lives in London.

11. III. 复合句中的省略 1. 主句的省略 1）主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语中。 (It’s a) pity you couldn’t come. 2)在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。 —Shall I go to play? —If you like. (you can go to play).

12. 2.宾语从句中的省略 1）由which, when, where, how和why 引导的宾语从句 中与主句重复的主语或谓语,可全部或部分省去,只保留 引导词。 如：Please pass me one of these books, I don’t care which (book you pass me). He will come back, but she doesn’t know when (he will come back). She wants to learn English well, yet she doesn’t know how (she can learn it well).

13. 2) 在I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess, I expect, I suppose, I imagine等开头的作答句中, 后面跟so 与 not 分别用于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。 a. —Do you believe our team will win? —I guess so (your team will win). —I guess not (your team will not win). b. —Do you think it will rain? —I hope so (it will rain). —I hope not (that it will not rain). c. ―Will we be late? ―I'm afraid so /not.

14. 3.状语从句中的省略 在有些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it，其后的be动词及其主语可一起省略。这种结构通常为：if it is possible, when it is necessary等。 如：Please try to finish your homework by yourself if (it is) possible. We’ll have the old house pulled down when (it is) necessary. 2) 在虚拟条件状语从句中,当助动词为were, had, should等时, 连词if可省略, 但were, had和should需要倒装到主语的前面。 如: Were I you, I would do more exercise. Had I had time, I would have gone shopping with you. = If I were you

15. 3) 以as, than 引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。 如：He got up early as usual (he did). After half a hour, she became quieter (than she had been). He studies as hard as you (study). 4) 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词，则可以将从语中的主语及be动词一起省略。引导这类状语从句的连词有:when, while, though, if和unless。 如： When (you are) crossing the road, you'd better look at both sides. The little girl began to cry when (she was) asked by the police. Unless (I am) invited I will not go.

16. 4. 定语从句中的省略 1)定语从句的关系代词that /which /who在从句中作主语且后面有be动词，我们可以省略关系代词及be动词。 如：The girl (who is) standing under the tree is Mary. The bridge (which was) built in 1927 broke down. The girl (who is) in front of the classroom is Mary. 2)在限制性定语从句中起宾语作用的关系代词that, which, whom可以省略;在the same... as和such... as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;先行词是the way,后面的定语从句中,可以省略that或in which。 如：He is one of the man (whom) I can trust. We will do the same work as they (do). I don’t like the way (that/in which) you speak to your mother.

17. 5. 惯用的省略结构以及在一些固定短语中某些介词 的省略 1) 固定句型How/What about + n. / pron. /v-ing What about some more milk? What about him? How about going out for a walk? 2) Why not +省去to的动词不定式 Why not go at once? 3 固定短语中介词的省略 have trouble (in) doing be busy (in) doing sth.

18. 6. 省略语还经常出现在新闻标题或使用说明中，例如： Newspaper headlines: Turandot on stage Signs and labels: No smoking Instructions: Do not bend Postcards and diaries: Have not had time to write diary Notes: Opera OK, costumes great

19. Read Part A carefully and find out the words that can be left out.

20. Part B Tian rong has read the following uses of ellipsis. Choose the category each one belongs to. a postcards and diaries b newspaper headlines c signs and labels d instructions e notes

21. a postcards and diaries b newspaper headlines c signs and labels d instructions e notes 1 Pop star dies bBob James, the pop star dies of drug abusing. 2 Stage door c This is the door to the stage. Performance last night not as good as usual a The performance last night was not as good as usual.

22. a postcards and diaries b newspaper headlines c signs and labels d instructions e notes 4 Handle with care d Please handle this with care. 5 Turandot, wonderful performance, setting fantastic eTurandot is really a wonderful performance, and the setting is fantastic too.

23. 高考链接

24. 1.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_________. (1995NMET)     A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 2. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing,________? (1990MET)    A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we

25. 3. Be sure to write to us, _______? (1993NMET)     A. will you B. aren’t you C. can you D. mustn’t you 4. How about the two of us ________ a walk down the garden? (1993MET)     A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking

26. 5. —I usually go there by train. —Why not _______ by boat for a change? (1992MET) A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 6. —Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? —I ______ , but I had an unexpected visitor. (1997NMET) A. had B. would C. was going to D. did

27. 7. —Could I borrow your dictionary?  —Yes, of course you ________ . (1992MET)     A. might B. will C. can D. should 8. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. —__________. (1994NMET)     A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t

28. Consolidation

29. 1.＿＿＿＿＿ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr. Wang. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not2. —— I’d like to have a piece of bread and two eggs. —— Anything ＿＿＿＿＿? A. following B. follows C. to follow D. to be followed

30. 3. He suggested that the work ＿＿＿＿＿ at once. A. be done B. should do C. could do D. does4. It’s hot. Let’s go swimming, ＿＿＿＿＿? A. won’t we B. will you C. don’t we D. shall we

31. 5. Be sure to be here early tomorrow, ＿＿＿＿＿? A. will you B. aren’t you C. can you D. could you6. Father advised me not to say anything until＿＿＿＿＿ at the meeting. A. asking B. to ask C. asked D. ask

32. 7. We will have a meeting next week, but we don’t know ＿＿＿＿＿. A. who B. where C. as D. which8. Though the little boy is often made ＿＿＿by his brother, he made his brother ＿＿＿yesterday. A. cry； to cry B. crying； crying C. cry； cry D. to cry； cry

33. 9. —— I’ll go to Korea to watch the 14th Asian Games. Would you mind looking after my dog?—— Not all. ＿＿＿＿＿. A. I can’t B. Please don’t C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to 10. ——Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend?—— ＿＿＿＿＿. A. I believe not B. I believe not so C. I don’t believe it D. I don’t believe

34. 11. —— What do you think made the girl so glad? —— ＿＿＿＿＿ a beautiful necklace. A. As she received B. Receiving C. Received D. Because of receiving12. —— Aren’t you be chairman? —— No, and I ＿＿＿＿＿. A. don’t want to B. don’t want C. don’t want to be D. don’t want be

35. 13. You’re＿＿＿＿＿your time trying to persuade him. He’ll never join us. (1995NMET) A. spending B. wasting C. losing D. missing 14. —— He promised to come to see you. —— But he ＿＿＿＿＿. I’ve been all alone. A. didn’t B. wouldn’t C. hasn’t D. won’t

36. 15. —— How about the number of students playing on the playground? —— ＿＿＿＿＿. A. Small B. Many C. Little D. Most16. All substances, ＿＿＿＿＿ solids, liquids, or gases, are made up of entirely atoms. A. whether they B. whether C. whether are they D. whether are

37. 17. —— Have you watered the flowers? —— No, but ＿＿＿＿＿. A. I am B. I’m going C. I’m just going to D. I will go18. If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly＿＿＿.(1994上海) A. supposing B. supposed C. to suppose D. suppose

38. 19. If ＿＿＿＿＿ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. (1998上海) A. giving B. give C. given D. being given 20. He broke his legs while ＿＿＿＿＿. A. riding B. ride C. was riding D. rode

39. 1. 我伯父的身体比我上次给你去信时好些了. 2. 这种物质称为水, 其重要性仅次于氧。 My uncle is better than when I wrote to. 2. This substance is called water，and comes next only to oxygen．

40. 3. 上海即使不是世界上最大的城市也堪称世界最大的城市之一。4. 我的兄弟有抽烟，而我不抽烟。 3. Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world, if not the largest (city). 4. My brother smokes, but I don’t (smoke).

41. 5. 一旦出版, 这部小说将成为今年的畅销书之一。 5. When published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.