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Global Higher Education Rankings: Affordability and Accessibility in Comparative Perspective Student Financial Aid Research Network Conference, Chicago IL 10 June 2005 Alex Usher Vice-President (Research) and Director (Canada) Amy Cervenan Research Associate Educational Policy Institute.
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Global Higher Education Rankings: Affordability and Accessibility in Comparative Perspective Student Financial Aid Research Network Conference, Chicago IL 10 June 2005Alex UsherVice-President (Research) and Director (Canada)Amy CervenanResearch Associate Educational Policy Institute
Objectives • Create comparable cross-national data on the affordability and accessibility of higher education • Discuss what is meant by “affordability” and “accessibility” of higher education • Preliminary exploration of links between them
Affordability Weightings Indicator Weightings • Education Costs EC (10%) • Total Costs TC (10%) • Net Costs NC (25%) • NC After Tax Expenditures (15%) • Out of Pocket Costs OOPC (25%) • OOPC After Tax Expenditures (15%) Indicators reflect: • Student cost measures • Role of supports (grants, tax, loans)
Accessibility Weightings Indicator Weightings: • Participation Rate (25%) • Attainment Rate (25%) • Educational Equity Index (40%) • Gender Parity Index (10%) Indicators reflect system • Size: how many go (50%) • Composition: who goes (50%)
Major Data Sources Consulted International: • Eurostudent Project 2000 • ICHEFAP, SUNY Buffalo • OECD database & Education at a Glance 2004 • UNESCO Institute for Statistics • National statistics bureaus and ministries • Student Financial Support (Vossensteyn 2004) • Country specific reports (e.g. Japan’s Education at a Glance 2004, Price of Knowledge 2004) USA: • NCES Digest of Education • 2004 NASSGAP survey • College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2003
Education Costs • Education Costs (EC): tuition and fees • USA EC is weighted by participation in public and private 4 year institutions
Total Cost • Total costs (TC) : EC and Living Costs • The gap between countries narrows
Total Cost Affordability • Per student TC as a fraction of GDP/capita • Ability to pay influences access • Cost data inputs > ATP data scores for rankings
Grants • Average grant per student (as with all supports: G, TE, L)
Sweden Finland The Netherlands Belgium (Flemish) Ireland Belgium (French) Austria Germany 9. France Italy Canada Australia United States United Kingdom New Zealand Japan Affordability Rankings
Participation • Participation rate of largest 4-year cohort
Attainment • Attainment rate of population aged 25-34
Educational Equity Index (EEI) • EEI described in A New Measuring Stick • Quantifies over-representation of students’ educational background relative to the population • Calculation: EEI = 100* (% of males 45-65 w/ HE) (% of students w/ fathers w/ HE)
The Netherlands Finland United Kingdom United States Canada Australia Ireland 8. France 9. Sweden Italy Germany Belgium Austria Accessibility Rankings
Global Higher Education Rankings: Affordability and Accessibility in Comparative Perspective http://www.educationalpolicy.org/pdf/Global2005.pdf www.educationalpolicy.org ausher@educationalpolicy.org acervenan@educationalpolicy.org