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Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles. © J Beauchemin 2006. Cell Organelles. Organelle “little organ”. Found only inside eukaryotic cells. All the stuff in between the organelles is cytosol. Everything in a cell except the nucleus is cytoplasm. Cell Membrane. Boundary of the cell.

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Cell Organelles

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  1. Cell Organelles © J Beauchemin 2006

  2. Cell Organelles Organelle “little organ” • Found only inside eukaryotic cells All the stuff in between the organelles is cytosol Everything in a cell except the nucleus is cytoplasm

  3. Cell Membrane • Boundary of the cell Made of a phospholipidbilayer

  4. Nucleus Control center of the cell • Usually one per cell Contains DNA Surrounded by a double membrane Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope

  5. Cytoskeleton Acts as skeleton and muscle • Made of three types of filaments Provides shape and structure Helps move organelles around the cell

  6. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Smooth ER: no ribosomes; it makes lipids A.k.a. “ER” Connected to nuclear membrane Highway of the cell Rough ER: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins

  7. Ribosome • Produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus Site of protein synthesis Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol

  8. Golgi Apparatus • Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles Looks like a stack of plates Stores, modifies and packages proteins

  9. Lysosomes • Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes Garbage disposal of the cell Which organelles do lysosomes work with?

  10. Mitochondria • Has its own strand of DNA “Powerhouse of the cell” Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use Bound by a double membrane

  11. Chloroplast • Bound by a double membrane Found only in plant cells Contains the green pigment chlorophyll Site of food (glucose) production

  12. Cell Wall • Made of cellulose (fiber) Found in plant and bacterial cells Rigid, protective barrier Located outside of the cell membrane

  13. Vacuoles • Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc. Large central vacuole usually in plant cells Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?

  14. Centriole • Made of microtubules Aids in cell division Usually found only in animal cells Where else have we talked about microtubules?

  15. Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell? • endoplasmic reticulum • nucleus Which organelle holds the cell together? • cell membrane Which organelles are not found in animal cells? • cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts Which organelle helps plant cells make food? • chloroplasts What does E.R. stand for?

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