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The Line Officer Function

Explore the different levels of institutions in the American correctional system, including prisons, jails, and rehabilitation programs. Learn about recent trends such as privatization and the challenges faced by correctional officers. Discover the role of probation and parole officers in providing alternatives to incarceration.

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The Line Officer Function

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  1. The Line Officer Function CJUS 104 Part 10: Correctional Services

  2. The American Correctional System - federal / state / local institutions - prisons / jails / detention centers A. Incarceration - one of the main forms of punishment - both felony / misdemeanor crimes (1) Largest prison population - 2012: 700 adults per 100,000 pop. - 2,266,800 incarcerated - 4,814,200 = parole / probation

  3. (2) Juveniles - 70,792 = juvenile detention (3) Human Rights Watch – 2014 - tough on crime laws - filled with non-violent offenders B. State system - prisons / jails - bulk of corrections - over 700 facilities to house adults - some states only one state prison

  4. - California / Texas / Illinois = ten or more (1) Prisons - maximum to minimum security (a) Washington State - 8 prisons = maximum / medium - minimum security - honor farms / half-way houses (2) Jails - city / county

  5. - city jails = misdemeanor - county jails = misdemeanor / felony (a) Grays Harbor County - Aberdeen / Hoquiam - county jail = Montesano (b) City contracts with other city / county - hold prisoners for daily fee C. Federal system - five regions (CA / MO / TX / GA / PA

  6. - 41 prisons / 12 community facilities (1) Prison directors = regional directors - report to director = Federal Bureau of (2) Large prisons - Atlanta / Leavenworth - IMU = Marion, Illinois (3) Metropolitan centers - high rise prisons - Burien, Washington

  7. (4) Main problem with correctional centers - become more antisocial - exposure = more hardened criminals - problem inmates = segregated D. Levels of institutions - maximum / medium / minimum (1) Maximum - reflect revenge / incapacitation - high walls / armed guards / floodlights - dangerous / long-term offenders

  8. (a) 150 facilities = 44% adult offenders - emphasis = custody - rehabilitation = name only (b) Washington = Walla Walla (2) Medium - more popular (a) 250 facilities = 44% adult offenders - replace maximum - Washington = Shelton / Stafford Ck

  9. (b) Can resemble maximum - younger inmates / less dangerous - more emphasis on rehabilitation - more freedom of movement (3) Minimum - nonviolent / non-traditional offender - dormitory style / private rooms - 12% of adult population (a) No armed guards - counselors

  10. (b) Allow work / education - home furlough / visitation trailor (c) Community based - honor camp / work camp - half-way house E. Jails - most important part - sheet number of inmates - 3,300 in USA = 275,000 inmates - 50% = awaiting trial

  11. (1) First contact = justice system - difficult = reform measures - treatment / rehabilitation (2) Difficult = reform measures - money = local level - local politics - avoid state / federal reform laws - 40 to 1 ratio F. Rehabilitation programs - qualified staff = sufficient numbers

  12. (1) Reoffending - 50% to 75% - depending on area (2) Society - want crooks locked-up - no rehabilitation programs - limited money (3) Effective programs - qualified staff - sufficient numbers

  13. (4) Prison atmosphere - conducive for rehabilitation - officers must understand concepts - security comes first (5) Staff makes decisions - to eat / sleep / work (6) Staff conflicts - rehab = more freedom for inmates - corrections = more control - middle ground

  14. G. Recent trends - privatization (1) Private companies operate - jails / prisons - several states already employ (2) Concerns - legal questions - quality of care = profit - how to monitor - show no abuse / favortism

  15. H. Employment - testing / academy / training / assignment (1) Testing process - standards established - age / education / background (a) Application - 21 years = time of hire - meet requirements - fill out application truthfully - meet requirements

  16. (b) Written exam - general knowledge - ability to become officer (c) Physical agility - running / sit-ups / pushups / etc. - not all agencies (d) Oral interview - panel of officers - specific questions - poise / answers

  17. (e) Psychological exam - MMPI / ink blot - interview (f) Background investigation - contact family / friends / employers - check driving / criminal history - drug use = legal / illegal (2) Academy - varies from state to state - Washington State = CORE Academy

  18. (a) Academy training - proper use of physical force - security management - professionalism - interpersonal communication - supervision, discipline, manipulation - inmate mental problems - booking and intake / fingerprinting - gangs / hostage survival - critical incident survival - practical law for corrections - report writing

  19. (3) On-the-job training - assigned to training officer - set period of time - learn how to apply - various positions (4) Assignment - assigned to a living unit - working with other officers

  20. 2. Probation / Parole Officers - local = city county probation = misdemeanors - state = probation / parole = felonies - alternatives to incarceration A. Probation officers (local) - monitor = city courts / district courts - supervised, conditional, revocable release (1) Requirements = vary among jurisdictions - four-year degree - pass testing process

  21. - primary = oral interview (2) Certification - attend academy training courses - train with certified probation officer - 2000 hours = King County (varies) (3) Supervision - work programs / school programs - employment / housing / family - monitor behavior / treatment programs - intensive contact = limited contact

  22. B. Community Corrections Officers - state probation / parole officers - felony convictions (1) State probation - felony conviction - state prison time / sentence stayed - local time / placed on probation (2) Conditions set - parole board - depending on conviction

  23. (3) Monitored by PO - at home - at work - report to office C. Juvenile Probation / Parole (1) Local = county - juvenile probation / detention center - probation officers = monitor offenders - detention officers = oversee detainees - comes under superior court

  24. (2) State probation / parole - monitors felons - contacts / office visits (3) Custodial facilities - Green Hill / Echo Glenn / etc. - detention officers

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