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The Line Officer Function

Explore the history and evolution of gangs in America, from early European influences to the rise of violent gangs in modern society. Discover the motivations behind joining gangs, the presence of outlaw motorcycle gangs, and the emergence of black gangs like the Crips and Bloods. Learn about the structure, appearance, and actions of gang members.

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The Line Officer Function

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  1. The Line Officer Function CJUS 104 Part 9: Gangs

  2. Gangs in America - the final chapter A. History (1) They have been around forever - big city Europe - early America - flourished in the 1920s /juveniles-adults (2) 1940s = called “rat packs” - Westside Story = Sharks /Jets

  3. (3) Weapons used: - chains /knives /zip guns /revolvers /fists - protected their neighborhood - paid protection by local businesses - fought with outside /rival gangs (4) Reasons for joining = same as today - friendship /protection /fear - money /girls /recognition B. Gangs today - tremendous growth

  4. (1) Located throughout country - every state /major city - moving into small town America (2) Violent gangs - well armed /prefer automatic weapons - 1960s /1970s = Viet Nam vets - believe in violence (3) Many are not afraid = arrested /killed - black gang members of inner city = will die before 25th birthday

  5. (4) Don’t care who they kill - drive-by shootings = innocent victims - people they don’t know C. It is a brotherhood - they are family (1) Take care of each other - revenge = death /injury - enforce own rules /laws (2) Types of gangs

  6. - think of Crips /Bloods - brought about by the notoriety (a) Not only black gangs - white supremacists / Hispanic /Asian /Jamaican /Colombian /others - also motorcycle gangs 2. Outlaw motorcycle gangs - older teens /adults A. Today’s estimate = 550 OMG’s

  7. - oldest violent gangs in United States (1) Gained national attention = 1947 - American Motorcycle Association - hill climb = Hollister, California - turned into riot (2) Second hill climb = 1947 in Riverside, CA - another riot and two deaths (3) 1948 – again in Riverside = riot occurred - given name “outlaws”

  8. - trace origins to Hell’s Angels - WWII bomber group B. 1950’s /1960’s - younger /rebellious generation - many = ex-military from WWII /Korean War - looking for excitement /good times - involved in general lawlessness (1) Movies being made at the time - built interest /reputations - Wild Ones /Easy Rider /Hell on Wheels

  9. (2) Goal of OMG’s - riding /drinking /fighting /sex C. 1970’s = drug users /then drug dealers (1) Now sophisticated criminal organizations - primary interest = making money (2) Traffic in drugs /firearms - also: arson /bombings /contract killings (3) Primary opponent = ATF

  10. D. The Big Five - primary OMG’s - one-percenter motorcycle clubs (1) Hell’s Angels - Fontana, CA = 1950 - Sonny Barger = president (Oakland) - 425 chapters throughout the world - 100’s of patch wearing members - wealthiest /most powerful (2) Outlaws

  11. - McCook, Illinois = 1935 (Outlaw 1959) - largest m/c in country - 25 US chapters - 6 Canadian chapters - 1500 members (3) Pagans - Prince George Co, Maryland = 1959 - 44 chapters New York to Florida - 900 members - ties to organized crime - hit men /drug dealers

  12. (4) Bandidos - Houston, Texas = 1966 - 26 chapters = one in Bremerton, WA - 500 members /2000 associates (5) Sons of Silence - Niwot, Colorado = 1966 - 15 chapters - 275 patch wearing members 3. Black gangs - original Black gangs = 1920’s

  13. - So. Central Los Angeles / Detroit / Chicago - started as social groups - late 60’s /70’s = gangs as we know today A. Two primary groups = CRIPS / BLOODS - divide into sets - take names from local areas - Rollin 60 / Hoover / Kitchen / Santana - Leuders Park / Crenshaw Mafia / Elm Lane (1) CRIPS - West Los Angeles = Washington High

  14. - strongest force in numbers - preyed on non-gang members (a) Other gangs renamed themselves - original name plus crip (b) Identify with color blue - refer to each other as “cuzz” (c) Not really associated with other gangs - except name / loyalty - same leader / members

  15. (2) Bloods - Compton, CA = Centennial High - developed on West Piru Street (a) Traditional rival of Crips - outnumbered by Crips (b) They were strong - made up in violence (c) Identified with color red - refer to each other as “blood”

  16. B. The gangs have a formal structure - how to enter gang (jump in) - now new members treated (commit crime) (1) Gang laws / codes - many = no set leader - look up to OG’s (older gangster) - based on: age / time / violence / arrests (2) Age groups - baby gangster = 12 to 15 - gangster = 16 to 22 - older gangster = 23 and up

  17. C. Three types of members (1) Hard core - need / thrive on gang activity - level of violence / crimes is high - street wise / respect by other members (2) Associates - hang around = status / recognition (3) “Wanna Be” - try to join gang / start own gang

  18. D. Appearance - 16 to 25 - Fila brand / Adidas shoes / similar clothing - national sports brands = jackets / hats (1) Clothing - blue or red - piece of clothing or “rag” - pants worn low = sagging - specific walk or strut (2) Clothing styles vary = area to area

  19. E. Actions - rarely have identification on person - rarely give true name = monikers / alias (1) Notes on person = graffiti style - officer indicator = gang related (2) Usually armed - gun located nearby - held by girlfriend / female member (3) Usually polite to law enforcement

  20. - dislike being detained - do not want to be searched / or vehicle F. How to identify a gang member - police = must have three indicators - cannot stop “just because” (1) Colors / associates / signs / graffiti / known gang member / tattoos / monikers (2) Majority come from broken homes - no strong male figure / authority - no supervision

  21. 4. Hispanic gangs - US fifth largest Spanish speaking country - Los Angeles = 2nd largest Spanish speaking city / second to Mexico City A. History - similar to Black gangs (1) South Central Los Angeles - neighborhoods = “barrios” - started = friendships / social groups (2) They are territorial

  22. - protect own neighborhood - began by fighting among themselves (a) Impose on other neighborhoods - fought to protect their “turf” (b) American born gangs - fought immigrant gang members (3) 1960s = started wearing similar dress - began = symbol of their heritage - khaki pants / khaki shirt / white t-shirt - black shoes / black belt / hair greased

  23. B. Late 1960s /early 70s = drug involvement - both use / drug running (1) Actions became more violent - competing for drug profits / land control - fought White / Black / Hispanic gangs (a) Dealt primarily in own territory - outsiders drive in to buy drugs (2) Began spreading across country - moved to rural / agricultural areas - some associate with Mexican Mafia

  24. (3) Corridors = run drugs from Mexico to US - families / friends / associates - smuggle drugs to various gangs - gangs distribute drugs (4) Some followed Black gangs - traditional dress / certain gang color - refer = cholo / homie / home boy - used gang signs / graffiti = recognition (5) Gangs even in prison - keep contact out on street - recruit new members inside prison

  25. C. Graffiti - “Placa” - used by Hispanic gangs - communicate among themselves - with outside gang members (1) Mark neighborhoods / territory - warning to other gangs - remind people living in neighborhood (2) On walls / property of other gangs - challenge

  26. - moniker of certain gang member - marked for death - to show they invaded their territory (3) Used for recognition - immortalize / tribute = died - praise “heroic” acts (4) Hispanic graffiti = art - drawings on sidewalks / buildings - wording used - colors have meaning

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