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CONSIDERING EARLY MAN

CONSIDERING EARLY MAN. ARCHAEOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, & PALEONTOLOGY. Archaeologist: A person who studies the remains of ancient societies to learn about past ways of life. Anthropologist: A person who studies early human beings and the way societies and cultures originate and are organized.

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CONSIDERING EARLY MAN

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  1. CONSIDERING EARLY MAN

  2. ARCHAEOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, & PALEONTOLOGY Archaeologist: A person who studies the remains of ancient societies to learn about past ways of life. Anthropologist: A person who studies early human beings and the way societies and cultures originate and are organized. Paleontologist: A person who studies life existing in prehistoric times through fossils of plants, animals, and other organisms.

  3. HOW DO WE DATE ANCIENT FOSSILS & ARTIFACTS? Radio Carbon Dating + Organic material, up to 50,000 years. + Rate of decay of radioactive carbon atoms. Potassium Argon Dating + Dates stone, up to 3 billion years.

  4. LAETOLI FOOTPRINTS Mary Leakey • Tanzania, 1978 • 3.6 million years • One of earliest evidences of hominid existence. • Ash, rain, prints, sun, ash, plant growth.

  5. LAETOLI FOOTPRINTS

  6. Australopithecus Afarensis LUCY

  7. WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT LUCY? • How old is she? Where was she found? • 3.6 million years, Ethiopia. • How do we know? • Fossilized crocodile and turtle eggs, same sediment level. • Potassium argon dating method. • What is Lucy’s ultimate significance? • Oldest, most complete, best preserved skeletal remains of early hominid existence.

  8. MORE ABOUT LUCY... • They think she died at 20 and suffered from severe arthritis. • How do they know??? • Paleopathology • A paleopathologist is one who studies old and diseased things, specifically, diseases of human and animal as inferred from recent or fossilized skeletal remains.

  9. CHART REFERENCE: AUSTRALOPITHCUS • Location: • Ethiopia, Tanzania (“southern ape”) • Time Period • 4-1 million years ago • Physical Characteristics • 3-5 ft. tall, 500 cubic centimeters cranial capacity (1/3 of modern human • Technology • used objects in crude form • Special Characteristics • 1st hominid? Lucy and Laetoli footprints

  10. A FOSSIL HUNTER'S DREAM • Olduvai Gorge - Area in northern Tanzania where Louis and Mary Leakey unearthed a skull of a Homo habilis.

  11. Homo habilis • Skull fragments: 1.8 million years

  12. Chart Reference: Homo habilis • Location: Tanzania (Olduvai Gorge), Leakey’s • Time Period: 2.5 - 2 million years • Physical Characteristics • 50% larger cranial capacity (750 cubic cm.) • Technology: stone tools found in Olduvai Gorge • Special characteristics: Beginning of stone age, (100 lbs of elephant meat carved in one hour!)

  13. Homo erectus

  14. LEAVING AFRICA

  15. Chart Reference: Homo Erectus • Location: • Africa, Europe, S.W. Asia, S.E. Asia • Time Period: 2-1 million years • Physical Characteristics • Cranial capacity 1000 cubic cm, 6 ft. tall! • Technology: 1st to use fire • Special characteristics: 1st to leave Africa

  16. NEANDERTHAL • Take notes on the following during the video. • Two theories on the fate of Neanderthal • Theories as to why he became extinct • Evidence of sophistication

  17. Chart Reference: Neanderthal • Location: • Europe, S.W. Asia (Neander Valley, Germany) • Time Period: 200,000-30,000 years • Technology: • Temporary shelters, wood, bone and stone tools, excellent hunters • Physical characteristics: • Cranial capacity of modern humans (bigger?), 10-20% heavier bone mass than modern man, low brow, barrel chest, 5-51/2 feet tall • Special Characteristics: • Burial ceremonies (afterlife?), evolution, or extinction?, braved the Ice Age

  18. INTRODUCING CRO-MAGNON MAN... • (Anatomically modern man)

  19. THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD • Archaeologists sometimes call the late Paleolithic period of Cro-Magnon man as “The Great Leap Forward.” • Compile a list of Cro-Magnon achievements that might justify this claim.

  20. THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD

  21. Cro-Magnon Technology Atlatl (Spear-thrower)

  22. Cro-Magnon Tool Kit

  23. Altamira, Spain Discovered in 1879. Dates 12,000 – 25,000 BC.

  24. Lascaux, France

  25. Chart Reference: Cro-Magnon • Location: Africa, Europe, Asia, Americas • Time Period: 70,000-15,000 years BC • Physical Characteristics: • Modern Man, larynx (organized speech, 50 yr. life expectancy (Neanderthal=40) • Technology: • (over 100 tools) stone, bone wood=fish hook, spear, harpoon, atlatl, chisel, sewing needle, • Special Characteristics: • cave art, jewelry, “leap” in technology, creativity

  26. THE DAWN OF AGRICULTURE Robert Braidwood Excavation at Jarmo, Iraq

  27. JARMO, IRAQ • 1 of earliest Neolithic villages found • Settlement of 100-150 people • Stone sickles, bowls • Domesticated goats, sheep and dogs • 16 layers of sediment • 16th=charred seeds of wheat and barley dating to 7,000 BC • 1 of earliest known uses of agriculture

  28. CATAL HUYUK - EXCAVATION SITE

  29. Catal Huyuk – Neolithic Village

  30. CATAL HUYUK • South Central Turkey • Neolithic village • Population 6,0000 • 6,000 BC • Largest Neolithic village ever excavated • Shrines for worship, mother goddess • Evidence of agriculture, grain storage

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